Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands
Abstract BACKGROUND Moose ( Alces alces L.) populations and moose damage in forests are debated in Nordic countries with dense moose populations. Moose populations and food resources vary greatly, both spatially and temporally, and reliable data covering both variables simultaneously at the same sca...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ps.6081 |
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crwiley:10.1002/ps.6081 2024-06-02T07:54:37+00:00 Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands Nikula, Ari Matala, Juho Hallikainen, Ville Pusenius, Jyrki Ihalainen, Antti Kukko, Tuomas Korhonen, Kari T Maa- ja MetsätalousministeriÖ 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ps.6081 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Pest Management Science volume 77, issue 2, page 620-627 ISSN 1526-498X 1526-4998 journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6081 2024-05-03T12:03:22Z Abstract BACKGROUND Moose ( Alces alces L.) populations and moose damage in forests are debated in Nordic countries with dense moose populations. Moose populations and food resources vary greatly, both spatially and temporally, and reliable data covering both variables simultaneously at the same scale have seldom been available. We modelled the effect of moose population density and forest resources on the area of moose damage at regional scale, referring to moose management areas (MMA). Forest data and moose damage data originated from the Finnish National Forest Inventory, and the moose population data came from a Bayesian moose model. For modelling, average values of moose population, damage and forest variables were calculated for the periods 2004–2008 and 2009–2013 for each MMA. The MMAs were further classified into one of four larger geographical zones. The area of moose damage was used as a dependent variable, and the proportions of different types of forests and moose population densities per land area or area of seedling stands as explanatory variables. The relationships were modelled with a linear mixed‐effects model with an exponential spatial correlation structure. RESULTS The area of moose damage was best explained by total forest area, proportions of plantations and mature forests, and moose population density per land area or the proportion of plantations. There were differences among the biogeographical zones in how different variables explained the amount of damage. CONCLUSION The results provide tools for analyzing the regional effects of moose population density and the amount of food resources on the amount of moose damage. This information can be used in reconciling sustainable moose population levels and the amount of damage. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Wiley Online Library Pest Management Science 77 2 620 627 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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language |
English |
description |
Abstract BACKGROUND Moose ( Alces alces L.) populations and moose damage in forests are debated in Nordic countries with dense moose populations. Moose populations and food resources vary greatly, both spatially and temporally, and reliable data covering both variables simultaneously at the same scale have seldom been available. We modelled the effect of moose population density and forest resources on the area of moose damage at regional scale, referring to moose management areas (MMA). Forest data and moose damage data originated from the Finnish National Forest Inventory, and the moose population data came from a Bayesian moose model. For modelling, average values of moose population, damage and forest variables were calculated for the periods 2004–2008 and 2009–2013 for each MMA. The MMAs were further classified into one of four larger geographical zones. The area of moose damage was used as a dependent variable, and the proportions of different types of forests and moose population densities per land area or area of seedling stands as explanatory variables. The relationships were modelled with a linear mixed‐effects model with an exponential spatial correlation structure. RESULTS The area of moose damage was best explained by total forest area, proportions of plantations and mature forests, and moose population density per land area or the proportion of plantations. There were differences among the biogeographical zones in how different variables explained the amount of damage. CONCLUSION The results provide tools for analyzing the regional effects of moose population density and the amount of food resources on the amount of moose damage. This information can be used in reconciling sustainable moose population levels and the amount of damage. |
author2 |
Maa- ja MetsätalousministeriÖ |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nikula, Ari Matala, Juho Hallikainen, Ville Pusenius, Jyrki Ihalainen, Antti Kukko, Tuomas Korhonen, Kari T |
spellingShingle |
Nikula, Ari Matala, Juho Hallikainen, Ville Pusenius, Jyrki Ihalainen, Antti Kukko, Tuomas Korhonen, Kari T Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
author_facet |
Nikula, Ari Matala, Juho Hallikainen, Ville Pusenius, Jyrki Ihalainen, Antti Kukko, Tuomas Korhonen, Kari T |
author_sort |
Nikula, Ari |
title |
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
title_short |
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
title_full |
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
title_fullStr |
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
title_sort |
modelling the effect of moose alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.6081 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ps.6081 |
genre |
Alces alces |
genre_facet |
Alces alces |
op_source |
Pest Management Science volume 77, issue 2, page 620-627 ISSN 1526-498X 1526-4998 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6081 |
container_title |
Pest Management Science |
container_volume |
77 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
620 |
op_container_end_page |
627 |
_version_ |
1800741984764166144 |