Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA
Abstract The ‘frost‐thaw’ or thermokarst‐lake‐basin hypothesis, first invoked by P. E. Wolfe in 1953 to explain the enclosed depressions and shallow basins (‘spungs’) of southern New Jersey, is re‐examined. The most probable explanation is that they formed in late Wisconsinan times as deflation holl...
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crwiley:10.1002/ppp.401 2024-09-15T18:11:39+00:00 Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA French, Hugh M. Demitroff, Mark 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.401 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fppp.401 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ppp.401 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Permafrost and Periglacial Processes volume 12, issue 4, page 337-350 ISSN 1045-6740 1099-1530 journal-article 2001 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.401 2024-07-25T04:21:43Z Abstract The ‘frost‐thaw’ or thermokarst‐lake‐basin hypothesis, first invoked by P. E. Wolfe in 1953 to explain the enclosed depressions and shallow basins (‘spungs’) of southern New Jersey, is re‐examined. The most probable explanation is that they formed in late Wisconsinan times as deflation hollows, or ‘blowouts’, when strong katabatic winds flowed southwards from the continental ice margin across the sparsely vegetated, tundra terrain of the Pine Barrens. Wedge structures and cryoturbation phenomena suggest the existence of either permafrost or deep seasonal frost, and imply mean annual air temperatures of between −0.5 °C and −6 °C. When the groundwater table rose in late‐glacial times, the hollows became ponds or wetlands. These were utilized as early as 12,000 years ago by palaeoindian and early archaic cultures as hunting camp sites. Today, many of these wetlands are drying up as the regional water table falls in response to increased water usage from agriculture and urbanization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Thermokarst Tundra wedge* Wiley Online Library Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 12 4 337 350 |
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English |
description |
Abstract The ‘frost‐thaw’ or thermokarst‐lake‐basin hypothesis, first invoked by P. E. Wolfe in 1953 to explain the enclosed depressions and shallow basins (‘spungs’) of southern New Jersey, is re‐examined. The most probable explanation is that they formed in late Wisconsinan times as deflation hollows, or ‘blowouts’, when strong katabatic winds flowed southwards from the continental ice margin across the sparsely vegetated, tundra terrain of the Pine Barrens. Wedge structures and cryoturbation phenomena suggest the existence of either permafrost or deep seasonal frost, and imply mean annual air temperatures of between −0.5 °C and −6 °C. When the groundwater table rose in late‐glacial times, the hollows became ponds or wetlands. These were utilized as early as 12,000 years ago by palaeoindian and early archaic cultures as hunting camp sites. Today, many of these wetlands are drying up as the regional water table falls in response to increased water usage from agriculture and urbanization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
French, Hugh M. Demitroff, Mark |
spellingShingle |
French, Hugh M. Demitroff, Mark Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
author_facet |
French, Hugh M. Demitroff, Mark |
author_sort |
French, Hugh M. |
title |
Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
title_short |
Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
title_full |
Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
title_fullStr |
Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the Pine Barrens, southern New Jersey, USA |
title_sort |
cold‐climate origin of the enclosed depressions and wetlands (‘spungs’) of the pine barrens, southern new jersey, usa |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.401 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fppp.401 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ppp.401 |
genre |
Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Thermokarst Tundra wedge* |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Thermokarst Tundra wedge* |
op_source |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes volume 12, issue 4, page 337-350 ISSN 1045-6740 1099-1530 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.401 |
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Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
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12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
337 |
op_container_end_page |
350 |
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1810449237407694848 |