Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite
Abstract To investigate the mechanism of frost wedging in fractured low‐porosity bedrock, we monitored the opening of an artificial 4 mm wide and 80 mm deep crack, cut 20 mm from the end of a rectangular granite block. Two freezing protocols were employed – top‐down and bottom‐up, the former consist...
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crwiley:10.1002/ppp.1950 2024-06-23T07:56:10+00:00 Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite Jia, Hailiang Leith, Kerry Krautblatter, Michael 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1950 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fppp.1950 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ppp.1950 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Permafrost and Periglacial Processes volume 28, issue 4, page 698-709 ISSN 1045-6740 1099-1530 journal-article 2017 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1950 2024-06-11T04:44:44Z Abstract To investigate the mechanism of frost wedging in fractured low‐porosity bedrock, we monitored the opening of an artificial 4 mm wide and 80 mm deep crack, cut 20 mm from the end of a rectangular granite block. Two freezing protocols were employed – top‐down and bottom‐up, the former consisting of short‐ and long‐term variants, lasting 1 and 53 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate that (i) in 1‐day experiments, maximum crack widening during top‐down freezing is around 0.11 mm, while bottom‐up freezing produces only 0.02 mm of deformation; (ii) neither ice nor water pressure causes measurable irreversible crack widening during 1‐day tests; (iii) irreversible crack widening is only observed following the 53‐day experiment under top‐down freezing. Based on these results, we suggest (i) freezing direction plays a key role in determining the magnitude of crack widening; and (ii) freezing duration could be essential for crack propagation. The fracturing is both time‐dependent and subcritical; thus, persistent freezing in winter could actually be the active period of crack propagation. This allows us to propose a simplified method to calculate ice pressure according to crack widening. Here we show how freezing direction and duration in ice‐filled cracks control the path‐dependent efficacy of frost‐wedging. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Wiley Online Library Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 28 4 698 709 |
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English |
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Abstract To investigate the mechanism of frost wedging in fractured low‐porosity bedrock, we monitored the opening of an artificial 4 mm wide and 80 mm deep crack, cut 20 mm from the end of a rectangular granite block. Two freezing protocols were employed – top‐down and bottom‐up, the former consisting of short‐ and long‐term variants, lasting 1 and 53 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate that (i) in 1‐day experiments, maximum crack widening during top‐down freezing is around 0.11 mm, while bottom‐up freezing produces only 0.02 mm of deformation; (ii) neither ice nor water pressure causes measurable irreversible crack widening during 1‐day tests; (iii) irreversible crack widening is only observed following the 53‐day experiment under top‐down freezing. Based on these results, we suggest (i) freezing direction plays a key role in determining the magnitude of crack widening; and (ii) freezing duration could be essential for crack propagation. The fracturing is both time‐dependent and subcritical; thus, persistent freezing in winter could actually be the active period of crack propagation. This allows us to propose a simplified method to calculate ice pressure according to crack widening. Here we show how freezing direction and duration in ice‐filled cracks control the path‐dependent efficacy of frost‐wedging. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jia, Hailiang Leith, Kerry Krautblatter, Michael |
spellingShingle |
Jia, Hailiang Leith, Kerry Krautblatter, Michael Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
author_facet |
Jia, Hailiang Leith, Kerry Krautblatter, Michael |
author_sort |
Jia, Hailiang |
title |
Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
title_short |
Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
title_full |
Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
title_fullStr |
Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
title_full_unstemmed |
Path‐Dependent Frost‐Wedging Experiments in Fractured, Low‐Permeability Granite |
title_sort |
path‐dependent frost‐wedging experiments in fractured, low‐permeability granite |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1950 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fppp.1950 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ppp.1950 |
genre |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
genre_facet |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
op_source |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes volume 28, issue 4, page 698-709 ISSN 1045-6740 1099-1530 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1950 |
container_title |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
container_volume |
28 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
698 |
op_container_end_page |
709 |
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1802649083312078848 |