Spatial and Temporal Variation in Annual versus Biennial Reproductive Cycles in Eastern Bering Sea Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio

• Published in: North American Journal of Fisheries Management
• Main Authors: Gardner, Jennifer L., Long, W. Christopher, Swiney, Katherine M., Foy, Robert J.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2021
• Subjects: Bering Sea; Chionoecetes opilio; Snow crab
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10704; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nafm.10704; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/nafm.10704; https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nafm.10704

Abstract The stock assessment model currently used for the management of the fishery for snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the eastern Bering Sea assumes an annual reproductive cycle. However, temperatures below 1°C can extend the snow crab reproductive cycle to 2 years, which could depress the total reproductive potential of the stock. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of snow crab in the eastern Bering Sea on a biennial reproductive cycle, relative to latitudinal and thermal gradients, and evaluate whether available bottom temperature data could be used to predict the proportions of biennial spawners. Mature female snow crab were collected on the annual National Marine Fisheries Service eastern Bering Sea bottom trawl survey during 2014–2018. Bimodality in the frequency distribution of oocyte area suggests that oocyte area can likely be used to distinguish annual and year‐1 biennial spawners from year‐2 spawners. In 2014, the highest rates of biennial reproduction were found in northern, colder areas in the eastern Bering Sea. In 2015–2018, very low rates of biennial reproduction coincided with warm temperatures across the eastern Bering Sea. This work could help in the estimation of female reproductive potential and allow the development of female‐based reference points for the eastern Bering Sea snow crab fishery.