Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus
Abstract California sea cucumbers Parastichopus californicus are reported to prefer hard over soft substrates and can be found associated with shell hash at bivalve farms. We predicted that soft substrates and oyster shells might restrict the movement of sea cucumbers and tested this hypothesis in a...
Published in: | North American Journal of Aquaculture |
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crwiley:10.1002/naaq.10043 2024-06-02T08:05:38+00:00 Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus Haddad, Colleen A. Cross, Stephen F. Davies, Hailey L. Duff, Stefanie D. Fortune, Angela C. Pearce, Christopher M. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10043 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fnaaq.10043 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/naaq.10043 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor North American Journal of Aquaculture volume 80, issue 4, page 347-354 ISSN 1522-2055 1548-8454 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10043 2024-05-03T11:16:35Z Abstract California sea cucumbers Parastichopus californicus are reported to prefer hard over soft substrates and can be found associated with shell hash at bivalve farms. We predicted that soft substrates and oyster shells might restrict the movement of sea cucumbers and tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment. Small (contracted length, ~4.5 cm) and large (~10 cm) sea cucumbers were placed in the middle of tanks on a uniform, hard substrate (30 × 30‐cm PVC sheet) surrounded by various substrates: no substrate (control); silt, fine sand, and very coarse sand (grain sizes: 2–50 μm, 100–250 μm, and 1–2 mm, respectively); and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas shells (~10‐cm border around the PVC sheet) with or without silt surrounding the shells. Movement of individuals was monitored over 24 h in six replicate trials. The mean percent (± SE ) of sea cucumbers remaining on the PVC sheet was not significantly different among the control (22 ± 7%), silt (28 ± 8%), fine sand (37 ± 8%), and very coarse sand (20 ± 7%) treatments. Low percentages (<40%) indicated that the animals were not averse to emigrating to the soft substrates. However, significantly more sea cucumbers remained on the hard substrates ( PVC and oyster shells) in the treatments comprised of oyster shell (83 ± 7%) and silt with oyster shell (82 ± 8%) than on the PVC sheet in the soft substrate treatments, indicating an affinity of the sea cucumbers for the oyster shells. Significantly more small individuals (95 ± 5%) than large ones (69 ± 9%) remained on the hard substrates. This study demonstrates that soft substrates do not prevent the movement of sea cucumbers under laboratory conditions, while oyster shells may cause a decrease in movement, which has implications for benthic ranching of commercially‐farmed sea cucumbers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Wiley Online Library Pacific North American Journal of Aquaculture 80 4 347 354 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract California sea cucumbers Parastichopus californicus are reported to prefer hard over soft substrates and can be found associated with shell hash at bivalve farms. We predicted that soft substrates and oyster shells might restrict the movement of sea cucumbers and tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment. Small (contracted length, ~4.5 cm) and large (~10 cm) sea cucumbers were placed in the middle of tanks on a uniform, hard substrate (30 × 30‐cm PVC sheet) surrounded by various substrates: no substrate (control); silt, fine sand, and very coarse sand (grain sizes: 2–50 μm, 100–250 μm, and 1–2 mm, respectively); and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas shells (~10‐cm border around the PVC sheet) with or without silt surrounding the shells. Movement of individuals was monitored over 24 h in six replicate trials. The mean percent (± SE ) of sea cucumbers remaining on the PVC sheet was not significantly different among the control (22 ± 7%), silt (28 ± 8%), fine sand (37 ± 8%), and very coarse sand (20 ± 7%) treatments. Low percentages (<40%) indicated that the animals were not averse to emigrating to the soft substrates. However, significantly more sea cucumbers remained on the hard substrates ( PVC and oyster shells) in the treatments comprised of oyster shell (83 ± 7%) and silt with oyster shell (82 ± 8%) than on the PVC sheet in the soft substrate treatments, indicating an affinity of the sea cucumbers for the oyster shells. Significantly more small individuals (95 ± 5%) than large ones (69 ± 9%) remained on the hard substrates. This study demonstrates that soft substrates do not prevent the movement of sea cucumbers under laboratory conditions, while oyster shells may cause a decrease in movement, which has implications for benthic ranching of commercially‐farmed sea cucumbers. |
author2 |
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Haddad, Colleen A. Cross, Stephen F. Davies, Hailey L. Duff, Stefanie D. Fortune, Angela C. Pearce, Christopher M. |
spellingShingle |
Haddad, Colleen A. Cross, Stephen F. Davies, Hailey L. Duff, Stefanie D. Fortune, Angela C. Pearce, Christopher M. Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
author_facet |
Haddad, Colleen A. Cross, Stephen F. Davies, Hailey L. Duff, Stefanie D. Fortune, Angela C. Pearce, Christopher M. |
author_sort |
Haddad, Colleen A. |
title |
Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
title_short |
Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
title_full |
Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
title_fullStr |
Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessing Natural Substrates for Restricting Movement of California Sea Cucumbers Parastichopus californicus |
title_sort |
assessing natural substrates for restricting movement of california sea cucumbers parastichopus californicus |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10043 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fnaaq.10043 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/naaq.10043 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
North American Journal of Aquaculture volume 80, issue 4, page 347-354 ISSN 1522-2055 1548-8454 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10043 |
container_title |
North American Journal of Aquaculture |
container_volume |
80 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
347 |
op_container_end_page |
354 |
_version_ |
1800750498111815680 |