Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns
Abstract Objective Energy density (ED) estimates for marine forage species have been limited, impeding our understanding of this important trophic level. We studied the EDs of eight key forage species: Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus , Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus , Silver Hake Merluccius bilineari...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10287 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mcf2.10287 |
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crwiley:10.1002/mcf2.10287 2024-06-02T08:12:16+00:00 Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns Wuenschel, Mark J. Bean, Kelcie A. Rajaniemi, Tara Oliveira, Kenneth Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10287 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mcf2.10287 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Marine and Coastal Fisheries volume 16, issue 2 ISSN 1942-5120 1942-5120 journal-article 2024 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10287 2024-05-03T11:16:39Z Abstract Objective Energy density (ED) estimates for marine forage species have been limited, impeding our understanding of this important trophic level. We studied the EDs of eight key forage species: Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus , Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus , Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearis , Northern Sand Lance Ammodytes dubius , Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus , Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus , northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus , and longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii (also known as Loligo pealeii ). Methods Samples were obtained during spring and fall bottom trawl surveys across five regions (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, southern New England, northern Middle Atlantic Bight, and southern Middle Atlantic Bight) from 2017 to 2019. In the laboratory, we developed predictive relations between the percent dry weight (%DW) and ED (kJ/g wet weight) determined by proximate composition analysis ( n = 606; r 2 = 0.76–0.98) to estimate the ED of additional samples ( n = 4583). For each species, we modeled ED as a function of size, depth, season, and year (as factors) as well as location (latitude, longitude) using generalized additive models (GAMs). Result Alewife, Atlantic Herring, Northern Sand Lance, Atlantic Mackerel, and Butterfish were classified as high‐quality prey (ED > 6 kJ/g), although Atlantic Herring ED was nearly half the values reported in earlier studies. Silver Hake, northern shortfin squid, and longfin inshore squid were classified as moderate‐quality prey (4 kJ/g < ED < 6 kJ/g). Most species had higher EDs in the fall following summer feeding than in the spring after spawning and/or reduced winter feeding. The best‐fitting GAMs included weight, depth (by season), season, and year effects for most species. Location (by season) explained significant amounts of variation. Conclusion Observed variation in ED across regions, species, seasons, and years provides the empirical data necessary to consider hypotheses related to “upstream” regulation of ED (via environmental ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Atlantic Wiley Online Library Hake ENVELOPE(15.612,15.612,66.797,66.797) Marine and Coastal Fisheries 16 2 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Objective Energy density (ED) estimates for marine forage species have been limited, impeding our understanding of this important trophic level. We studied the EDs of eight key forage species: Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus , Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus , Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearis , Northern Sand Lance Ammodytes dubius , Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus , Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus , northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus , and longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii (also known as Loligo pealeii ). Methods Samples were obtained during spring and fall bottom trawl surveys across five regions (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, southern New England, northern Middle Atlantic Bight, and southern Middle Atlantic Bight) from 2017 to 2019. In the laboratory, we developed predictive relations between the percent dry weight (%DW) and ED (kJ/g wet weight) determined by proximate composition analysis ( n = 606; r 2 = 0.76–0.98) to estimate the ED of additional samples ( n = 4583). For each species, we modeled ED as a function of size, depth, season, and year (as factors) as well as location (latitude, longitude) using generalized additive models (GAMs). Result Alewife, Atlantic Herring, Northern Sand Lance, Atlantic Mackerel, and Butterfish were classified as high‐quality prey (ED > 6 kJ/g), although Atlantic Herring ED was nearly half the values reported in earlier studies. Silver Hake, northern shortfin squid, and longfin inshore squid were classified as moderate‐quality prey (4 kJ/g < ED < 6 kJ/g). Most species had higher EDs in the fall following summer feeding than in the spring after spawning and/or reduced winter feeding. The best‐fitting GAMs included weight, depth (by season), season, and year effects for most species. Location (by season) explained significant amounts of variation. Conclusion Observed variation in ED across regions, species, seasons, and years provides the empirical data necessary to consider hypotheses related to “upstream” regulation of ED (via environmental ... |
author2 |
Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wuenschel, Mark J. Bean, Kelcie A. Rajaniemi, Tara Oliveira, Kenneth |
spellingShingle |
Wuenschel, Mark J. Bean, Kelcie A. Rajaniemi, Tara Oliveira, Kenneth Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
author_facet |
Wuenschel, Mark J. Bean, Kelcie A. Rajaniemi, Tara Oliveira, Kenneth |
author_sort |
Wuenschel, Mark J. |
title |
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
title_short |
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
title_full |
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
title_fullStr |
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
title_sort |
variation in energy density of northwest atlantic forage species: ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10287 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mcf2.10287 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(15.612,15.612,66.797,66.797) |
geographic |
Hake |
geographic_facet |
Hake |
genre |
Northwest Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Northwest Atlantic |
op_source |
Marine and Coastal Fisheries volume 16, issue 2 ISSN 1942-5120 1942-5120 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10287 |
container_title |
Marine and Coastal Fisheries |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1800758661108203520 |