Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges
Abstract Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. T...
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crwiley:10.1002/lno.11652 2024-06-23T07:55:14+00:00 Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus van de Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore de Goeij, Jasper M. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11652 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.11652 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11652 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Limnology and Oceanography volume 66, issue 3, page 925-938 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 2024-06-06T04:19:20Z Abstract Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. To assess the role of sponges in the carbon cycling of deep‐sea ecosystems, we studied the carbon budgets of six dominant deep‐sea sponges of different phylogenetic origin, with various growth forms and hosting distinct associated microbial communities, in an ex situ aquarium setup. Additionally, we determined biomass metrics—planar surface area, volume, wet weight, dry weight (DW), ash‐free dry weight, and organic carbon (C) content—and conversion factors for all species. Oxygen (O 2 ) removal rates averaged 3.3 ± 2.8 μ mol O 2 g DW sponge h −1 (mean ± SD), live particulate (bacterio‐ and phytoplankton) organic carbon removal rates averaged 0.30 ± 0.39 μ mol C g DW sponge h −1 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rates averaged 18.70 ± 25.02 μ mol C g DW sponge h −1 . Carbon mass balances were calculated for four species and revealed that the sponges acquired 1.3–6.6 times the amount of carbon needed to sustain their minimal respiratory demands. These results indicate that irrespective of taxonomic class, growth form, and abundance of microbial symbionts, DOC is responsible for over 90% of the total net organic carbon removal of deep‐sea sponges and allows them to sustain themselves in otherwise food‐limited environments on the ocean floor. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Wiley Online Library Limnology and Oceanography 66 3 925 938 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. To assess the role of sponges in the carbon cycling of deep‐sea ecosystems, we studied the carbon budgets of six dominant deep‐sea sponges of different phylogenetic origin, with various growth forms and hosting distinct associated microbial communities, in an ex situ aquarium setup. Additionally, we determined biomass metrics—planar surface area, volume, wet weight, dry weight (DW), ash‐free dry weight, and organic carbon (C) content—and conversion factors for all species. Oxygen (O 2 ) removal rates averaged 3.3 ± 2.8 μ mol O 2 g DW sponge h −1 (mean ± SD), live particulate (bacterio‐ and phytoplankton) organic carbon removal rates averaged 0.30 ± 0.39 μ mol C g DW sponge h −1 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rates averaged 18.70 ± 25.02 μ mol C g DW sponge h −1 . Carbon mass balances were calculated for four species and revealed that the sponges acquired 1.3–6.6 times the amount of carbon needed to sustain their minimal respiratory demands. These results indicate that irrespective of taxonomic class, growth form, and abundance of microbial symbionts, DOC is responsible for over 90% of the total net organic carbon removal of deep‐sea sponges and allows them to sustain themselves in otherwise food‐limited environments on the ocean floor. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus van de Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore de Goeij, Jasper M. |
spellingShingle |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus van de Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore de Goeij, Jasper M. Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
author_facet |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus van de Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore de Goeij, Jasper M. |
author_sort |
Bart, Martijn C. |
title |
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_short |
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_full |
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_fullStr |
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_sort |
dissolved organic carbon ( doc) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant north‐atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11652 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.11652 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11652 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 66, issue 3, page 925-938 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
66 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
925 |
op_container_end_page |
938 |
_version_ |
1802647719186006016 |