Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic
Abstract The duration and magnitude of the North Atlantic spring bloom impacts both higher trophic levels and oceanic carbon sequestration. Nutrient exhaustion offers a general explanation for bloom termination, but detail on which nutrients and their relative influence on phytoplankton productivity...
Published in: | Limnology and Oceanography |
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crwiley:10.1002/lno.11376 2024-09-15T18:21:50+00:00 Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic Browning, Thomas J. Al‐Hashem, Ali A. Hopwood, Mark J. Engel, Anja Wakefield, Ewan D. Achterberg, Eric P. H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Natural Environment Research Council 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11376 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11376 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.11376 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11376 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Limnology and Oceanography volume 65, issue 6, page 1136-1148 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11376 2024-08-30T04:09:33Z Abstract The duration and magnitude of the North Atlantic spring bloom impacts both higher trophic levels and oceanic carbon sequestration. Nutrient exhaustion offers a general explanation for bloom termination, but detail on which nutrients and their relative influence on phytoplankton productivity, community structure, and physiology is lacking. Here, we address this using nutrient addition bioassay experiments conducted across the midlatitude North Atlantic in June 2017 (late spring). In four out of six experiments, phytoplankton accumulated over 48–72 h following individual additions of either iron (Fe) or nitrogen (N). In the remaining two experiments, Fe and N were serially limiting, that is, their combined addition sequentially enhanced phytoplankton accumulation. Silicic acid (Si) added in combination with N + Fe led to further chlorophyll a (Chl a ) enhancement at two sites. Conversely, addition of zinc, manganese, cobalt, vitamin B 12 , or phosphate in combination with N + Fe did not. At two sites, the simultaneous supply of all six nutrients, in combination with N + Fe, also led to no further Chl a enhancement, but did result in an additional 30–60% particulate carbon accumulation. This particulate carbon accumulation was not matched by a Redfield equivalent of particulate N, characteristic of high C:N organic exudates that enhance cell aggregation and sinking. Our results suggest that growth rates of larger phytoplankton were primarily limited by Fe and/or N, making the availability of these nutrients the main bottom‐up factors contributing to spring bloom termination. In addition, the simultaneous availability of other nutrients could modify bloom characteristics and carbon export efficiency. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Wiley Online Library Limnology and Oceanography 65 6 1136 1148 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
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English |
description |
Abstract The duration and magnitude of the North Atlantic spring bloom impacts both higher trophic levels and oceanic carbon sequestration. Nutrient exhaustion offers a general explanation for bloom termination, but detail on which nutrients and their relative influence on phytoplankton productivity, community structure, and physiology is lacking. Here, we address this using nutrient addition bioassay experiments conducted across the midlatitude North Atlantic in June 2017 (late spring). In four out of six experiments, phytoplankton accumulated over 48–72 h following individual additions of either iron (Fe) or nitrogen (N). In the remaining two experiments, Fe and N were serially limiting, that is, their combined addition sequentially enhanced phytoplankton accumulation. Silicic acid (Si) added in combination with N + Fe led to further chlorophyll a (Chl a ) enhancement at two sites. Conversely, addition of zinc, manganese, cobalt, vitamin B 12 , or phosphate in combination with N + Fe did not. At two sites, the simultaneous supply of all six nutrients, in combination with N + Fe, also led to no further Chl a enhancement, but did result in an additional 30–60% particulate carbon accumulation. This particulate carbon accumulation was not matched by a Redfield equivalent of particulate N, characteristic of high C:N organic exudates that enhance cell aggregation and sinking. Our results suggest that growth rates of larger phytoplankton were primarily limited by Fe and/or N, making the availability of these nutrients the main bottom‐up factors contributing to spring bloom termination. In addition, the simultaneous availability of other nutrients could modify bloom characteristics and carbon export efficiency. |
author2 |
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Natural Environment Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Browning, Thomas J. Al‐Hashem, Ali A. Hopwood, Mark J. Engel, Anja Wakefield, Ewan D. Achterberg, Eric P. |
spellingShingle |
Browning, Thomas J. Al‐Hashem, Ali A. Hopwood, Mark J. Engel, Anja Wakefield, Ewan D. Achterberg, Eric P. Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
author_facet |
Browning, Thomas J. Al‐Hashem, Ali A. Hopwood, Mark J. Engel, Anja Wakefield, Ewan D. Achterberg, Eric P. |
author_sort |
Browning, Thomas J. |
title |
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
title_short |
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
title_full |
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude North Atlantic |
title_sort |
nutrient regulation of late spring phytoplankton blooms in the midlatitude north atlantic |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11376 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11376 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.11376 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11376 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 65, issue 6, page 1136-1148 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11376 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
65 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1136 |
op_container_end_page |
1148 |
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1810460813036617728 |