Turbulence in a small arctic pond
Abstract Small ponds, numerous throughout the Arctic, are often supersaturated with climate‐forcing trace gases. Improving estimates of emissions requires quantifying (1) their mixing dynamics and (2) near‐surface turbulence which would enable emissions. To this end, we instrumented an arctic pond (...
Published in: | Limnology and Oceanography |
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crwiley:10.1002/lno.10941 2024-09-09T19:22:17+00:00 Turbulence in a small arctic pond MacIntyre, Sally Crowe, Adam. T. Cortés, Alicia Arneborg, Lars U.S. National Science Foundation Grants Division of Arctic Natural Sciences U.S. National Science Foundation Grants Division of Biological Sciences 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10941 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Flno.10941 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.10941 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.10941 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.10941 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Limnology and Oceanography volume 63, issue 6, page 2337-2358 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10941 2024-08-27T04:25:44Z Abstract Small ponds, numerous throughout the Arctic, are often supersaturated with climate‐forcing trace gases. Improving estimates of emissions requires quantifying (1) their mixing dynamics and (2) near‐surface turbulence which would enable emissions. To this end, we instrumented an arctic pond (510 m 2 , 1 m deep) with a meteorological station, a thermistor array, and a vertically oriented acoustic Doppler velocimeter. We contrasted measured turbulence, as the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, ε , with values predicted from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) based on wind shear as u * w , the water friction velocity, and buoyancy flux, β , under cooling. Stratification varied over diel cycles; the thermocline upwelled as winds changed allowing ventilation of near‐bottom water. Near‐surface temperature stratification was up to 7°C per meter. With respect to predictions from MOST: (1) With positive β under heating and strong near‐surface stratification, turbulence was suppressed; (2) under heating with moderate stratification and under cooling with light to moderate winds, measured ε was in agreement with MOST; (3) under cooling with no wind and when surface currents had ceased, as occurred 20% of the time, turbulence was measurable and predicted from β . Near‐surface turbulence was enhanced under cooling and light winds relative to that under a neutral atmosphere due to higher values of drag coefficients under unstable atmospheres. Small ponds are dynamic systems with wind‐induced thermocline tilting enabling vertical exchanges. Near‐surface turbulence, similar to that in larger systems, can be computed from surface meteorology enabling accurate estimates of gas transfer coefficients and emissions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Wiley Online Library Arctic Tilting ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) Limnology and Oceanography 63 6 2337 2358 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Small ponds, numerous throughout the Arctic, are often supersaturated with climate‐forcing trace gases. Improving estimates of emissions requires quantifying (1) their mixing dynamics and (2) near‐surface turbulence which would enable emissions. To this end, we instrumented an arctic pond (510 m 2 , 1 m deep) with a meteorological station, a thermistor array, and a vertically oriented acoustic Doppler velocimeter. We contrasted measured turbulence, as the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, ε , with values predicted from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) based on wind shear as u * w , the water friction velocity, and buoyancy flux, β , under cooling. Stratification varied over diel cycles; the thermocline upwelled as winds changed allowing ventilation of near‐bottom water. Near‐surface temperature stratification was up to 7°C per meter. With respect to predictions from MOST: (1) With positive β under heating and strong near‐surface stratification, turbulence was suppressed; (2) under heating with moderate stratification and under cooling with light to moderate winds, measured ε was in agreement with MOST; (3) under cooling with no wind and when surface currents had ceased, as occurred 20% of the time, turbulence was measurable and predicted from β . Near‐surface turbulence was enhanced under cooling and light winds relative to that under a neutral atmosphere due to higher values of drag coefficients under unstable atmospheres. Small ponds are dynamic systems with wind‐induced thermocline tilting enabling vertical exchanges. Near‐surface turbulence, similar to that in larger systems, can be computed from surface meteorology enabling accurate estimates of gas transfer coefficients and emissions. |
author2 |
U.S. National Science Foundation Grants Division of Arctic Natural Sciences U.S. National Science Foundation Grants Division of Biological Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
MacIntyre, Sally Crowe, Adam. T. Cortés, Alicia Arneborg, Lars |
spellingShingle |
MacIntyre, Sally Crowe, Adam. T. Cortés, Alicia Arneborg, Lars Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
author_facet |
MacIntyre, Sally Crowe, Adam. T. Cortés, Alicia Arneborg, Lars |
author_sort |
MacIntyre, Sally |
title |
Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
title_short |
Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
title_full |
Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
title_fullStr |
Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
title_full_unstemmed |
Turbulence in a small arctic pond |
title_sort |
turbulence in a small arctic pond |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10941 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Flno.10941 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.10941 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/lno.10941 https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.10941 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-54.065,-54.065,49.700,49.700) |
geographic |
Arctic Tilting |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Tilting |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Limnology and Oceanography volume 63, issue 6, page 2337-2358 ISSN 0024-3590 1939-5590 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10941 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
63 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
2337 |
op_container_end_page |
2358 |
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1809762568227520512 |