Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone
Introduction and Objective Prior studies have provided variable results regarding environmental risk factors for epistaxis. These studies were conducted in varying climate zones, which may explain discrepancies in results. The objective of this study is to investigate correlations between season, te...
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crwiley:10.1002/lary.30961 2024-06-23T07:57:03+00:00 Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone Wei, Eric X. Green, Allen Chang, Michael T. Hwang, Peter H. Sidell, Douglas R. Qian, Z. Jason 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.30961 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lary.30961 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor The Laryngoscope volume 134, issue 3, page 1450-1456 ISSN 0023-852X 1531-4995 journal-article 2023 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30961 2024-06-11T04:47:30Z Introduction and Objective Prior studies have provided variable results regarding environmental risk factors for epistaxis. These studies were conducted in varying climate zones, which may explain discrepancies in results. The objective of this study is to investigate correlations between season, temperature, and humidity on frequency of pediatric epistaxis across climate zones. Methods Children seen in the outpatient setting for epistaxis were identified from the 2007–2010 IBM MarketScan database. Climate zones were assigned according to International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) classification, where temperature zones in the United States and territories were assigned on an ordinal scale from 1 (tropical) to 8 (subarctic), and humidity zones were categorized as moist, dry, or marine. The control population was a sample of all well‐child visits matched by age and county. Results We identified 184,846 unique children seen for epistaxis and 1,897,012 matched controls. Moderate temperature zones were associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared with the hottest and coldest zones. Humidity was associated inversely with epistaxis rates in moderate temperature zones but was not a significant predictor of epistaxis in climates with extreme heat. Additionally, summer was associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared to winter. Interestingly, however, there were significantly higher rates of cautery procedures during summer months, driven largely by increased procedures performed in clinic, as opposed to the operating room or emergency room. Conclusions Environmental risk factors for epistaxis vary by climate zone. The model presented reconciles prior reports and may allow for more personalized clinical management based on regional climate. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 134:1450–1456, 2024 Article in Journal/Newspaper Subarctic Wiley Online Library The Laryngoscope |
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Introduction and Objective Prior studies have provided variable results regarding environmental risk factors for epistaxis. These studies were conducted in varying climate zones, which may explain discrepancies in results. The objective of this study is to investigate correlations between season, temperature, and humidity on frequency of pediatric epistaxis across climate zones. Methods Children seen in the outpatient setting for epistaxis were identified from the 2007–2010 IBM MarketScan database. Climate zones were assigned according to International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) classification, where temperature zones in the United States and territories were assigned on an ordinal scale from 1 (tropical) to 8 (subarctic), and humidity zones were categorized as moist, dry, or marine. The control population was a sample of all well‐child visits matched by age and county. Results We identified 184,846 unique children seen for epistaxis and 1,897,012 matched controls. Moderate temperature zones were associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared with the hottest and coldest zones. Humidity was associated inversely with epistaxis rates in moderate temperature zones but was not a significant predictor of epistaxis in climates with extreme heat. Additionally, summer was associated with lower odds of epistaxis compared to winter. Interestingly, however, there were significantly higher rates of cautery procedures during summer months, driven largely by increased procedures performed in clinic, as opposed to the operating room or emergency room. Conclusions Environmental risk factors for epistaxis vary by climate zone. The model presented reconciles prior reports and may allow for more personalized clinical management based on regional climate. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 134:1450–1456, 2024 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wei, Eric X. Green, Allen Chang, Michael T. Hwang, Peter H. Sidell, Douglas R. Qian, Z. Jason |
spellingShingle |
Wei, Eric X. Green, Allen Chang, Michael T. Hwang, Peter H. Sidell, Douglas R. Qian, Z. Jason Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
author_facet |
Wei, Eric X. Green, Allen Chang, Michael T. Hwang, Peter H. Sidell, Douglas R. Qian, Z. Jason |
author_sort |
Wei, Eric X. |
title |
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
title_short |
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
title_full |
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
title_fullStr |
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone |
title_sort |
environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis vary by climate zone |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.30961 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lary.30961 |
genre |
Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Subarctic |
op_source |
The Laryngoscope volume 134, issue 3, page 1450-1456 ISSN 0023-852X 1531-4995 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30961 |
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