Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales
ABSTRACT Whale‐watching is one of the fastest growing ecotourism industries and involves the observation of endangered wild cetacean species. However, this growth has raised concerns because of the negative effects this activity may have on the behavior and survival of focal species. Hence, detectin...
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crwiley:10.1002/jwmg.21602 2024-06-02T08:07:56+00:00 Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales Garcia‐Cegarra, Ana M. Villagra, Damian Gallardo, Diego I. Pacheco, Aldo S. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica Rufford Foundation 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21602 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjwmg.21602 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jwmg.21602 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/jwmg.21602 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor The Journal of Wildlife Management volume 83, issue 2, page 467-477 ISSN 0022-541X 1937-2817 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21602 2024-05-03T11:06:07Z ABSTRACT Whale‐watching is one of the fastest growing ecotourism industries and involves the observation of endangered wild cetacean species. However, this growth has raised concerns because of the negative effects this activity may have on the behavior and survival of focal species. Hence, detecting the effects of this activity requires sensitive analytical methods allowing the implementation of regulations to protect cetacean welfare. We compared the performance of different hypothesis tests from classical and Bayesian approaches to detect whale‐watching effects on humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) behavior. From a cliff located 31 m above sea level in northern Peru, we measured breathing frequency, surface time, long dive duration, directness index (i.e., path linearity), and swimming speed of humpback whales before, during, and after encounters with whale‐watching boats. During 167 hours of observation, we tracked 180 humpback whale groups; 43% of groups had calves and 57% did not. Inference by null‐hypothesis testing indicated significant changes only in directness index after boat encounters in groups with a calf. Other methods of inference detected moderate behavior responses as increments in the number of adult breaths, swimming speed, and dive intervals for adults and calves. Whale‐watching regulations must be implemented in Peru to regulate number of boats, distance to whales, approximate speed, and time observing humpback whales. Whale‐watching of humpback whales with calves should be avoided. © 2018 The Wildlife Society. Article in Journal/Newspaper Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Wiley Online Library The Journal of Wildlife Management 83 2 467 477 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT Whale‐watching is one of the fastest growing ecotourism industries and involves the observation of endangered wild cetacean species. However, this growth has raised concerns because of the negative effects this activity may have on the behavior and survival of focal species. Hence, detecting the effects of this activity requires sensitive analytical methods allowing the implementation of regulations to protect cetacean welfare. We compared the performance of different hypothesis tests from classical and Bayesian approaches to detect whale‐watching effects on humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) behavior. From a cliff located 31 m above sea level in northern Peru, we measured breathing frequency, surface time, long dive duration, directness index (i.e., path linearity), and swimming speed of humpback whales before, during, and after encounters with whale‐watching boats. During 167 hours of observation, we tracked 180 humpback whale groups; 43% of groups had calves and 57% did not. Inference by null‐hypothesis testing indicated significant changes only in directness index after boat encounters in groups with a calf. Other methods of inference detected moderate behavior responses as increments in the number of adult breaths, swimming speed, and dive intervals for adults and calves. Whale‐watching regulations must be implemented in Peru to regulate number of boats, distance to whales, approximate speed, and time observing humpback whales. Whale‐watching of humpback whales with calves should be avoided. © 2018 The Wildlife Society. |
author2 |
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica Rufford Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Garcia‐Cegarra, Ana M. Villagra, Damian Gallardo, Diego I. Pacheco, Aldo S. |
spellingShingle |
Garcia‐Cegarra, Ana M. Villagra, Damian Gallardo, Diego I. Pacheco, Aldo S. Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
author_facet |
Garcia‐Cegarra, Ana M. Villagra, Damian Gallardo, Diego I. Pacheco, Aldo S. |
author_sort |
Garcia‐Cegarra, Ana M. |
title |
Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
title_short |
Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
title_full |
Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
title_fullStr |
Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
title_sort |
statistical dependence for detecting whale‐watching effects on humpback whales |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21602 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjwmg.21602 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jwmg.21602 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/jwmg.21602 |
genre |
Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae |
genre_facet |
Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae |
op_source |
The Journal of Wildlife Management volume 83, issue 2, page 467-477 ISSN 0022-541X 1937-2817 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21602 |
container_title |
The Journal of Wildlife Management |
container_volume |
83 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
467 |
op_container_end_page |
477 |
_version_ |
1800753073536106496 |