Sustainability of the grizzly bear hunt in British Columbia, Canada

• Published in: The Journal of Wildlife Management
• Main Authors: Mclellan, Bruce N., Mowat, Garth, Hamilton, Tony, Hatter, Ian
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2016
• Subjects: British Columbia; Canada; Ursus arctos
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21189; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjwmg.21189; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.21189

ABSTRACT The sustainability of the grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos ) hunt in British Columbia, Canada has been questioned and is a high profile issue, particularly in the media. To investigate the hypothesis that the hunt is unsustainable, we examined the sustainable human‐caused mortality rate for grizzly bears using recent data on vital rates and population projection models and compare these to rates used by the management agency; examined the age and sex ratio of the kill and how the sex ratio changes with age for the entire province, each population unit, and cohorts born each year between 1977 and 1990; summarized population density estimates in hunted population units in British Columbia and compared these to unhunted areas in adjacent jurisdictions; and reviewed case studies of population units that have been highlighted as most likely to have had unsustainable kill levels. Because the natural mortality rate of adult grizzly bears is 1–2% and lower than was estimated when sustainable human‐caused mortality targets were developed, estimated sustainable kill rates are 4–10%, and generally higher than the 4–6% used in British Columbia. We estimated that males have been 3–4 times more vulnerable to being killed by hunters than females, yet males dominate the kill at all ages and the proportion of males increased with age, which is opposite of what is predicted for a heavily hunted population. The average age of female and male grizzly bears killed by hunters increased from 7.1 years and 7.4 years, respectively, in the 1980s to 7.7 years and 8.7 years, respectively, in the 2000s. An average of 107.4 females and 204.9 males per cohort born between 1977 and 1990 were eventually killed by people and recorded, suggesting that many more females than males died for unknown reasons. There have been more population inventories of grizzly bears in British Columbia than in any other jurisdiction. The average density estimate of 21 inventories in hunted areas without salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in British Columbia (31.2 ...