Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC)
Abstract Microscopic near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman investigations were performed of skin samples from the Nekht‐Ankh mummy found in the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers’ in Egypt (ca 2000 BC ). Spectra were obtained from various sites on the samples. The lipids and proteins seemed well preserved, a...
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crwiley:10.1002/jrs.1006 2024-09-09T19:43:26+00:00 Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) Petersen, Susanne Nielsen, Ole Faurskov Christensen, Daniel H. Edwards, Howell G. M. Farwell, Dennis W. David, Rosalie Lambert, Patricia Gniadecka, Monika Wulf, Hans C. 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1006 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjrs.1006 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jrs.1006 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Raman Spectroscopy volume 34, issue 5, page 375-379 ISSN 0377-0486 1097-4555 journal-article 2003 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1006 2024-07-23T04:12:17Z Abstract Microscopic near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman investigations were performed of skin samples from the Nekht‐Ankh mummy found in the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers’ in Egypt (ca 2000 BC ). Spectra were obtained from various sites on the samples. The lipids and proteins seemed well preserved, although different degrees of protein deterioration were observed. In some spots the protein degradation was rather high. Some sites showed very well preserved protein secondary structures with both helical and sheet contents, indicating that the artificial mummification process had a positive effect although no embalming chemicals were left in those spots. Sodium sulphate was the only artificial chemical that could be detected and the degradation of lipid and protein seemed to be rather high in the region containing sodium sulphate. The Raman spectra of the best preserved skin samples from the Nekht‐Ankh mummy are very similar to those obtained from the best preserved child rock‐cleft mummy (I/2) from Qilakitsoq in Greenland. The conclusion is that the artificial embalming process used by the ancient Egyptians was an efficient way to preserve the mummies even under hot conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Wiley Online Library Greenland Qilakitsoq ENVELOPE(-43.876,-43.876,60.048,60.048) Two Brothers ENVELOPE(-80.416,-80.416,58.867,58.867) Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 34 5 375 379 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Microscopic near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman investigations were performed of skin samples from the Nekht‐Ankh mummy found in the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers’ in Egypt (ca 2000 BC ). Spectra were obtained from various sites on the samples. The lipids and proteins seemed well preserved, although different degrees of protein deterioration were observed. In some spots the protein degradation was rather high. Some sites showed very well preserved protein secondary structures with both helical and sheet contents, indicating that the artificial mummification process had a positive effect although no embalming chemicals were left in those spots. Sodium sulphate was the only artificial chemical that could be detected and the degradation of lipid and protein seemed to be rather high in the region containing sodium sulphate. The Raman spectra of the best preserved skin samples from the Nekht‐Ankh mummy are very similar to those obtained from the best preserved child rock‐cleft mummy (I/2) from Qilakitsoq in Greenland. The conclusion is that the artificial embalming process used by the ancient Egyptians was an efficient way to preserve the mummies even under hot conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Petersen, Susanne Nielsen, Ole Faurskov Christensen, Daniel H. Edwards, Howell G. M. Farwell, Dennis W. David, Rosalie Lambert, Patricia Gniadecka, Monika Wulf, Hans C. |
spellingShingle |
Petersen, Susanne Nielsen, Ole Faurskov Christensen, Daniel H. Edwards, Howell G. M. Farwell, Dennis W. David, Rosalie Lambert, Patricia Gniadecka, Monika Wulf, Hans C. Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
author_facet |
Petersen, Susanne Nielsen, Ole Faurskov Christensen, Daniel H. Edwards, Howell G. M. Farwell, Dennis W. David, Rosalie Lambert, Patricia Gniadecka, Monika Wulf, Hans C. |
author_sort |
Petersen, Susanne |
title |
Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
title_short |
Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
title_full |
Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
title_fullStr |
Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘Tomb of the Two Brothers,’ Khnum‐Nakht and Nekht‐Ankh, XIIth dynasty Egyptian mummies (ca 2000 BC) |
title_sort |
near‐infrared fourier transform raman spectroscopy of skin samples from the ‘tomb of the two brothers,’ khnum‐nakht and nekht‐ankh, xiith dynasty egyptian mummies (ca 2000 bc) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1006 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjrs.1006 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jrs.1006 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-43.876,-43.876,60.048,60.048) ENVELOPE(-80.416,-80.416,58.867,58.867) |
geographic |
Greenland Qilakitsoq Two Brothers |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Qilakitsoq Two Brothers |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_source |
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy volume 34, issue 5, page 375-379 ISSN 0377-0486 1097-4555 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1006 |
container_title |
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy |
container_volume |
34 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
375 |
op_container_end_page |
379 |
_version_ |
1809912773618958336 |