Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet
Abstract A three‐dimensional, time‐dependent numerical ice‐sheet model is used to investigate the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 20 000 14 C yr BP). Ice development over southern Iceland is forced using a linear relationship between mass bala...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.734 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.734 |
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crwiley:10.1002/jqs.734 2024-06-02T08:07:04+00:00 Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet Bingham, Robert G. Hulton, Nicholas R. J. Dugmore, Andrew J. 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.734 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.734 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Quaternary Science volume 18, issue 2, page 169-181 ISSN 0267-8179 1099-1417 journal-article 2003 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.734 2024-05-03T10:38:57Z Abstract A three‐dimensional, time‐dependent numerical ice‐sheet model is used to investigate the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 20 000 14 C yr BP). Ice development over southern Iceland is forced using a linear relationship between mass balance and altitude based on observations over Sólheimajökull, a southern outlet glacier of the Mýrdalsjökull ice‐cap. A continentality factor is introduced that raises inland equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) and also slackens the mass‐balance/altitude gradient driving the model. With this calibration the present‐day ice distribution can be reconstructed. Growth from ice‐free to total ice cover is assessed and the sensitivity of ice extent to ELA change is shown to be non‐linear. The model indicates that an ELA lowering of 500 m, consistent with a ca. 5°C temperature depression for southern Iceland at the LGM, would enable glacier ice to cover the whole land surface within the modelled area and inundate any putative ecological refugia. Modelling with a 300 m ELA depression, consistent with previous reconstructions of Younger Dryas (YD, 10 000–11 000 14 C yr BP) ice extent, indicates that the principal outcrops of the Sólheimar ignimbrite were glaciated at this time, suggesting that an origin during this stadial (and a correlation with North Atlantic Ash Zone I / Vedde Ash) is problematic. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Ice cap Ice Sheet Iceland Mýrdalsjökull North Atlantic Wiley Online Library Ela ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) Mýrdalsjökull ENVELOPE(-19.174,-19.174,63.643,63.643) Sólheimajökull ENVELOPE(-19.303,-19.303,63.557,63.557) Journal of Quaternary Science 18 2 169 181 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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language |
English |
description |
Abstract A three‐dimensional, time‐dependent numerical ice‐sheet model is used to investigate the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 20 000 14 C yr BP). Ice development over southern Iceland is forced using a linear relationship between mass balance and altitude based on observations over Sólheimajökull, a southern outlet glacier of the Mýrdalsjökull ice‐cap. A continentality factor is introduced that raises inland equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) and also slackens the mass‐balance/altitude gradient driving the model. With this calibration the present‐day ice distribution can be reconstructed. Growth from ice‐free to total ice cover is assessed and the sensitivity of ice extent to ELA change is shown to be non‐linear. The model indicates that an ELA lowering of 500 m, consistent with a ca. 5°C temperature depression for southern Iceland at the LGM, would enable glacier ice to cover the whole land surface within the modelled area and inundate any putative ecological refugia. Modelling with a 300 m ELA depression, consistent with previous reconstructions of Younger Dryas (YD, 10 000–11 000 14 C yr BP) ice extent, indicates that the principal outcrops of the Sólheimar ignimbrite were glaciated at this time, suggesting that an origin during this stadial (and a correlation with North Atlantic Ash Zone I / Vedde Ash) is problematic. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bingham, Robert G. Hulton, Nicholas R. J. Dugmore, Andrew J. |
spellingShingle |
Bingham, Robert G. Hulton, Nicholas R. J. Dugmore, Andrew J. Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
author_facet |
Bingham, Robert G. Hulton, Nicholas R. J. Dugmore, Andrew J. |
author_sort |
Bingham, Robert G. |
title |
Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
title_short |
Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
title_full |
Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
title_fullStr |
Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelling the southern extent of the last Icelandic ice‐sheet |
title_sort |
modelling the southern extent of the last icelandic ice‐sheet |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.734 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.734 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) ENVELOPE(-19.174,-19.174,63.643,63.643) ENVELOPE(-19.303,-19.303,63.557,63.557) |
geographic |
Ela Mýrdalsjökull Sólheimajökull |
geographic_facet |
Ela Mýrdalsjökull Sólheimajökull |
genre |
glacier Ice cap Ice Sheet Iceland Mýrdalsjökull North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
glacier Ice cap Ice Sheet Iceland Mýrdalsjökull North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Quaternary Science volume 18, issue 2, page 169-181 ISSN 0267-8179 1099-1417 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.734 |
container_title |
Journal of Quaternary Science |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
169 |
op_container_end_page |
181 |
_version_ |
1800752088754421760 |