Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland
Abstract At least 12 silicic tephra layers (SILK tephras) erupted between ca. 6600 and ca. 1675 yr BP from the Katla volcanic system, have been identified in southern Iceland. In addition to providing significant new knowledge on the Holocene volcanism of the Katla system which typically produces ba...
Published in: | Journal of Quaternary Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2001
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.587 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjqs.587 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.587 |
id |
crwiley:10.1002/jqs.587 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1002/jqs.587 2024-10-13T14:08:22+00:00 Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland Larsen, Gudrún Newton, Anthony J. Dugmore, Andrew J. Vilmundardóttir, Elsa G. Leverhulme Trust Natural Environment Research Council (UK) National Science Foundation (USA) National Geographic Society RANNÍS (Iceland) 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.587 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjqs.587 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.587 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Quaternary Science volume 16, issue 2, page 119-132 ISSN 0267-8179 1099-1417 journal-article 2001 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.587 2024-09-23T04:35:11Z Abstract At least 12 silicic tephra layers (SILK tephras) erupted between ca. 6600 and ca. 1675 yr BP from the Katla volcanic system, have been identified in southern Iceland. In addition to providing significant new knowledge on the Holocene volcanism of the Katla system which typically produces basaltic tephra, the SILK tephras form distinct and precise isochronous marker horizons in a climatically sensitive location close to both the atmospheric and marine polar fronts. With one exception the SILK tephras have a narrow compositional range, with SiO 2 between 63 and 67%. Geochemically they are indistinguishable from ocean transported pumice found on beaches in the North Atlantic region, although they differ significantly from the silicic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone One (NAAZO). Volumes of airborne SILK tephra range from 0.05 to 0.3 km 3 . We present new isopach maps of the six largest layers and demonstrate that they originate within the Katla caldera. The apparently stable magma system conditions that produced the SILK tephras may have been established as a consequence of the eruption of the silicic component of NAAZO (ca. 10.3 ka) and disrupted by another large‐scale event, the tenth century ad Eldgjá eruption (ca. 1 ka). Despite the current long repose, silicic activity of this type may occur again in the future, presenting hitherto unknown hazards. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Katla North Atlantic Wiley Online Library Eldgjá ENVELOPE(-18.608,-18.608,63.962,63.962) Katla ENVELOPE(-19.062,-19.062,63.631,63.631) Journal of Quaternary Science 16 2 119 132 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract At least 12 silicic tephra layers (SILK tephras) erupted between ca. 6600 and ca. 1675 yr BP from the Katla volcanic system, have been identified in southern Iceland. In addition to providing significant new knowledge on the Holocene volcanism of the Katla system which typically produces basaltic tephra, the SILK tephras form distinct and precise isochronous marker horizons in a climatically sensitive location close to both the atmospheric and marine polar fronts. With one exception the SILK tephras have a narrow compositional range, with SiO 2 between 63 and 67%. Geochemically they are indistinguishable from ocean transported pumice found on beaches in the North Atlantic region, although they differ significantly from the silicic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone One (NAAZO). Volumes of airborne SILK tephra range from 0.05 to 0.3 km 3 . We present new isopach maps of the six largest layers and demonstrate that they originate within the Katla caldera. The apparently stable magma system conditions that produced the SILK tephras may have been established as a consequence of the eruption of the silicic component of NAAZO (ca. 10.3 ka) and disrupted by another large‐scale event, the tenth century ad Eldgjá eruption (ca. 1 ka). Despite the current long repose, silicic activity of this type may occur again in the future, presenting hitherto unknown hazards. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
author2 |
Leverhulme Trust Natural Environment Research Council (UK) National Science Foundation (USA) National Geographic Society RANNÍS (Iceland) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Larsen, Gudrún Newton, Anthony J. Dugmore, Andrew J. Vilmundardóttir, Elsa G. |
spellingShingle |
Larsen, Gudrún Newton, Anthony J. Dugmore, Andrew J. Vilmundardóttir, Elsa G. Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
author_facet |
Larsen, Gudrún Newton, Anthony J. Dugmore, Andrew J. Vilmundardóttir, Elsa G. |
author_sort |
Larsen, Gudrún |
title |
Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
title_short |
Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
title_full |
Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland |
title_sort |
geochemistry, dispersal, volumes and chronology of holocene silicic tephra layers from the katla volcanic system, iceland |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.587 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjqs.587 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jqs.587 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-18.608,-18.608,63.962,63.962) ENVELOPE(-19.062,-19.062,63.631,63.631) |
geographic |
Eldgjá Katla |
geographic_facet |
Eldgjá Katla |
genre |
Iceland Katla North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Iceland Katla North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Quaternary Science volume 16, issue 2, page 119-132 ISSN 0267-8179 1099-1417 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.587 |
container_title |
Journal of Quaternary Science |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
119 |
op_container_end_page |
132 |
_version_ |
1812815049060777984 |