Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification
Abstract The following 8 theses are theoretically founded and experimentally quantified. 1. Rocks contain only bases and no acid precursors. Therefore, with the exception of sulfide containing rocks, soils cannot acidify as a result of atmospheric rock weathering. 2. A consumption of protons in rock...
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crwiley:10.1002/jpln.19861490607 2024-06-23T07:52:04+00:00 Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification Ulrich, Bernhard 1986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjpln.19861490607 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde volume 149, issue 6, page 702-717 ISSN 0044-3263 journal-article 1986 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 2024-06-04T06:44:26Z Abstract The following 8 theses are theoretically founded and experimentally quantified. 1. Rocks contain only bases and no acid precursors. Therefore, with the exception of sulfide containing rocks, soils cannot acidify as a result of atmospheric rock weathering. 2. A consumption of protons in rocks and soils results in a decrease of their acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and can result in the buildup of a base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Strong soil acidification leads to the formation of stronger acids from weaker acids in the solid phase; this may be connected with a decrease in the BNC. 3. Weak acids (carbonic acid) lead in geological times to the depletion of bases without a larger accumulation of labile cation acids. Strong acids (HNO 3 , organic acids, H 2 SO 4 ) can lead within a few decades to soil acidification, i.e. to leaching of nutrient cations and the accumulation of labile cation acids. 4. The acid input caused by the natural emission of SO 2 and NO x can be buffered by silicate weathering even in soils low in silicates. 5. The cause of soil impoverishment and soil acidification is a decoupling of the ion cycle in the ecosystem. 6. Acid deposition in forest ecosystems which persists over decades leads to soil acidification. 7. Formation and deposition of strong acids with conservative anions (SO 4 , NO 3 ) shifts soil chemistry into the Al or Al/Fe buffer range up to great soil depth. In such soils eluvial conditions prevail throughout the solum and even in upper part of the C horizon: in connection with the decomposition of clay minerals, Al and eventually Fe are being eluviated. The present soil classification does not include this soil forming process. 8. In the long run, soil acidification by acid deposition results in the retraction of the root system of acid tolerant tree species from the mineral soil, and in water acidification. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Wiley Online Library Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 149 6 702 717 |
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Abstract The following 8 theses are theoretically founded and experimentally quantified. 1. Rocks contain only bases and no acid precursors. Therefore, with the exception of sulfide containing rocks, soils cannot acidify as a result of atmospheric rock weathering. 2. A consumption of protons in rocks and soils results in a decrease of their acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and can result in the buildup of a base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Strong soil acidification leads to the formation of stronger acids from weaker acids in the solid phase; this may be connected with a decrease in the BNC. 3. Weak acids (carbonic acid) lead in geological times to the depletion of bases without a larger accumulation of labile cation acids. Strong acids (HNO 3 , organic acids, H 2 SO 4 ) can lead within a few decades to soil acidification, i.e. to leaching of nutrient cations and the accumulation of labile cation acids. 4. The acid input caused by the natural emission of SO 2 and NO x can be buffered by silicate weathering even in soils low in silicates. 5. The cause of soil impoverishment and soil acidification is a decoupling of the ion cycle in the ecosystem. 6. Acid deposition in forest ecosystems which persists over decades leads to soil acidification. 7. Formation and deposition of strong acids with conservative anions (SO 4 , NO 3 ) shifts soil chemistry into the Al or Al/Fe buffer range up to great soil depth. In such soils eluvial conditions prevail throughout the solum and even in upper part of the C horizon: in connection with the decomposition of clay minerals, Al and eventually Fe are being eluviated. The present soil classification does not include this soil forming process. 8. In the long run, soil acidification by acid deposition results in the retraction of the root system of acid tolerant tree species from the mineral soil, and in water acidification. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ulrich, Bernhard |
spellingShingle |
Ulrich, Bernhard Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
author_facet |
Ulrich, Bernhard |
author_sort |
Ulrich, Bernhard |
title |
Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
title_short |
Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
title_full |
Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
title_fullStr |
Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
title_sort |
natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1986 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjpln.19861490607 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde volume 149, issue 6, page 702-717 ISSN 0044-3263 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19861490607 |
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Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde |
container_volume |
149 |
container_issue |
6 |
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702 |
op_container_end_page |
717 |
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1802643266188869632 |