Winter snow anomaly and atmospheric circulation in Mongolia

• Published in: International Journal of Climatology
• Main Authors: Morinaga, Yuki, Tian, Shao‐Fen, Shinoda, Masato
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2003
• Subjects: North Atlantic; North Atlantic oscillation
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.961; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.961; https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.961

Abstract An observational study was conducted of winter snow anomaly in Mongolia and the associated atmospheric circulation. Monthly data of snow depth and temperature at 23 Mongolian stations from 1940 to 1992 were used for a statistical analysis. The Mongolian snow amount is fairly large in the northern mountainous regions and decreases to the south. On average, there is a substantial seasonal increase in snow depth during November and December. The deepest snow occurs in January, with an average depth of 3.4 cm averaged for all 23 stations. The correlation coefficients for November and December between the snow depth and temperature are significant and negative over wide areas. A principal component analysis was applied to interannual anomalies of January snow depth. The first mode (PC1) reveals widespread loadings of the same sign, and the second mode (PC2) shows a northeast–southwest dipole pattern. A correlation analysis was employed to examine relationships between PC1, PC2 and the preceding atmospheric circulation modes derived from a principal component analysis of the Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa geopotential heights. The PC1 time series for January is highly correlated with the North Atlantic oscillation for November, and the PC2 time series is significantly correlated with the Eurasian pattern for December. These relationships will provide a potential basis for long‐range forecasts of mid‐winter anomalous snow that leads to a significant loss of livestock (so‐called white dzud ) in Mongolia. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society