Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall
Abstract The link between El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) variability in boreal winter (represented by the NIÑO3 index, i.e. East Pacific sea‐surface temperature anomalies) and the large‐scale circulation and weather conditions over Europe–northwest Africa in spring is explored, considering stat...
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crwiley:10.1002/joc.944 2024-06-23T07:54:07+00:00 Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall Knippertz, Peter Ulbrich, Uwe Marques, Filipa Corte‐Real, João EU Federal German Ministry of Science and Research (BMBF) Ministry of Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.944 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.944 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.944 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor International Journal of Climatology volume 23, issue 11, page 1293-1311 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 journal-article 2003 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.944 2024-06-11T04:48:54Z Abstract The link between El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) variability in boreal winter (represented by the NIÑO3 index, i.e. East Pacific sea‐surface temperature anomalies) and the large‐scale circulation and weather conditions over Europe–northwest Africa in spring is explored, considering station reports of precipitation, sea‐level pressure (SLP) anomalies and two North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) indices. It is found that these relations have undergone consistent and simultaneous changes in the 20th century. Three characteristic periods can be identified. During 1900–25 and 1962–87, positive NIÑO3 index values are associated with enhanced precipitation over central Europe and reduced rainfall in southern Europe and northern Africa. The ENSO influence on precipitation over Scotland and Norway is small. The rainfall anomalies can be explained from the advective and dynamical implications of a north–south dipole in SLP correlations (warm ENSO events followed by low pressure in northern Europe and high pressure over the Mediterranean Sea–North Africa). This dipole hardly projects on the commonly used NAO centres (Iceland and Azores/Gibraltar) and thus ENSO–NAO correlations are insignificant. During 1931–56 the NIÑO3 index reveals little influence on precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, but there are large negative correlations with precipitation over Scotland and Norway. This is related to an alteration of the NIÑO3–SLP correlation pattern, which implies high pressure over northern Europe and low pressure over central Europe after warm events, and thus a virtually inverted dipole with respect to the other two periods. The large westward extension of the dipole leads to a significant NAO–NIÑO3 correlation of r = −0.5. These alterations were accompanied by substantial large‐scale circulation changes during the period 1931–56, as revealed by anomalously high pressure and dry conditions over central–western Europe, a change in precipitation‐producing SLP patterns for Morocco and an anomalously low ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Wiley Online Library Norway Pacific International Journal of Climatology 23 11 1293 1311 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The link between El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) variability in boreal winter (represented by the NIÑO3 index, i.e. East Pacific sea‐surface temperature anomalies) and the large‐scale circulation and weather conditions over Europe–northwest Africa in spring is explored, considering station reports of precipitation, sea‐level pressure (SLP) anomalies and two North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) indices. It is found that these relations have undergone consistent and simultaneous changes in the 20th century. Three characteristic periods can be identified. During 1900–25 and 1962–87, positive NIÑO3 index values are associated with enhanced precipitation over central Europe and reduced rainfall in southern Europe and northern Africa. The ENSO influence on precipitation over Scotland and Norway is small. The rainfall anomalies can be explained from the advective and dynamical implications of a north–south dipole in SLP correlations (warm ENSO events followed by low pressure in northern Europe and high pressure over the Mediterranean Sea–North Africa). This dipole hardly projects on the commonly used NAO centres (Iceland and Azores/Gibraltar) and thus ENSO–NAO correlations are insignificant. During 1931–56 the NIÑO3 index reveals little influence on precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, but there are large negative correlations with precipitation over Scotland and Norway. This is related to an alteration of the NIÑO3–SLP correlation pattern, which implies high pressure over northern Europe and low pressure over central Europe after warm events, and thus a virtually inverted dipole with respect to the other two periods. The large westward extension of the dipole leads to a significant NAO–NIÑO3 correlation of r = −0.5. These alterations were accompanied by substantial large‐scale circulation changes during the period 1931–56, as revealed by anomalously high pressure and dry conditions over central–western Europe, a change in precipitation‐producing SLP patterns for Morocco and an anomalously low ... |
author2 |
EU Federal German Ministry of Science and Research (BMBF) Ministry of Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Knippertz, Peter Ulbrich, Uwe Marques, Filipa Corte‐Real, João |
spellingShingle |
Knippertz, Peter Ulbrich, Uwe Marques, Filipa Corte‐Real, João Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
author_facet |
Knippertz, Peter Ulbrich, Uwe Marques, Filipa Corte‐Real, João |
author_sort |
Knippertz, Peter |
title |
Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
title_short |
Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
title_full |
Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
title_fullStr |
Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
title_full_unstemmed |
Decadal changes in the link between El Niño and springtime North Atlantic oscillation and European–North African rainfall |
title_sort |
decadal changes in the link between el niño and springtime north atlantic oscillation and european–north african rainfall |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.944 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.944 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.944 |
geographic |
Norway Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Norway Pacific |
genre |
Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
International Journal of Climatology volume 23, issue 11, page 1293-1311 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.944 |
container_title |
International Journal of Climatology |
container_volume |
23 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1293 |
op_container_end_page |
1311 |
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1802646086443073536 |