Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes
Abstract This study analyses for the first time the break in the stilling detected by previous research around 2010, with focus in Sweden using homogenized near‐surface mean and gust wind speed observations for 1997–2019. During the recent past two decades, both mean and gust wind magnitude and freq...
Published in: | International Journal of Climatology |
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crwiley:10.1002/joc.7289 2024-09-09T19:57:31+00:00 Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes Minola, Lorenzo Reese, Heather Lai, Hui‐Wen Azorin‐Molina, Cesar Guijarro, Jose A. Son, Seok‐Woo Chen, Deliang Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Vetenskapsrådet 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7289 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.7289 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/joc.7289 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.7289 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ International Journal of Climatology volume 42, issue 2, page 1049-1071 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 journal-article 2021 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7289 2024-08-09T04:30:53Z Abstract This study analyses for the first time the break in the stilling detected by previous research around 2010, with focus in Sweden using homogenized near‐surface mean and gust wind speed observations for 1997–2019. During the recent past two decades, both mean and gust wind magnitude and frequency (exceeding the 90th percentile) underwent nonlinear changes, driven by the dominant winter variability. In particular, consistent with previous studies, the significant ( p < .05) stilling ceased in 2003, followed by no clear trend afterwards. The detected stilling‐reversal is linked to large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes, in particular to the North Atlantic Oscillation for both mean and gust wind changes, and the intensity changes of extratropical cyclones passing across Sweden especially for wind gusts. Furthermore, in different wind change phases, the observed wind distribution did not vary uniformly for the various wind speed ranges; instead, strong winds drove most of the changes. In the same way, increases in gust winds are greater compared to changes in mean wind speed conditions. The stilling‐reversal is also identified by the ERA5 reanalysis, where large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes are captured. But the background slowdown detected in most stations does not appear in the ERA5 data as the observed increase in forest cover is not considered in the reanalysis. This study reveals that, in addition to the large‐scale interannual variability, changes in surface roughness (e.g., changes in forest cover) contribute to the observed wind variability across Sweden. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Wiley Online Library International Journal of Climatology 42 2 1049 1071 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract This study analyses for the first time the break in the stilling detected by previous research around 2010, with focus in Sweden using homogenized near‐surface mean and gust wind speed observations for 1997–2019. During the recent past two decades, both mean and gust wind magnitude and frequency (exceeding the 90th percentile) underwent nonlinear changes, driven by the dominant winter variability. In particular, consistent with previous studies, the significant ( p < .05) stilling ceased in 2003, followed by no clear trend afterwards. The detected stilling‐reversal is linked to large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes, in particular to the North Atlantic Oscillation for both mean and gust wind changes, and the intensity changes of extratropical cyclones passing across Sweden especially for wind gusts. Furthermore, in different wind change phases, the observed wind distribution did not vary uniformly for the various wind speed ranges; instead, strong winds drove most of the changes. In the same way, increases in gust winds are greater compared to changes in mean wind speed conditions. The stilling‐reversal is also identified by the ERA5 reanalysis, where large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes are captured. But the background slowdown detected in most stations does not appear in the ERA5 data as the observed increase in forest cover is not considered in the reanalysis. This study reveals that, in addition to the large‐scale interannual variability, changes in surface roughness (e.g., changes in forest cover) contribute to the observed wind variability across Sweden. |
author2 |
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Vetenskapsrådet |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Minola, Lorenzo Reese, Heather Lai, Hui‐Wen Azorin‐Molina, Cesar Guijarro, Jose A. Son, Seok‐Woo Chen, Deliang |
spellingShingle |
Minola, Lorenzo Reese, Heather Lai, Hui‐Wen Azorin‐Molina, Cesar Guijarro, Jose A. Son, Seok‐Woo Chen, Deliang Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
author_facet |
Minola, Lorenzo Reese, Heather Lai, Hui‐Wen Azorin‐Molina, Cesar Guijarro, Jose A. Son, Seok‐Woo Chen, Deliang |
author_sort |
Minola, Lorenzo |
title |
Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
title_short |
Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
title_full |
Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
title_fullStr |
Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wind stilling‐reversal across Sweden: The impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
title_sort |
wind stilling‐reversal across sweden: the impact of land‐use and large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7289 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.7289 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/joc.7289 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.7289 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
International Journal of Climatology volume 42, issue 2, page 1049-1071 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7289 |
container_title |
International Journal of Climatology |
container_volume |
42 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1049 |
op_container_end_page |
1071 |
_version_ |
1809928442782679040 |