Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011
ABSTRACT Annual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature ( SAT ) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10 × 10 km 2 ) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trend...
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crwiley:10.1002/joc.4193 2024-09-15T18:24:03+00:00 Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 Irannezhad, M. Chen, D. Kløve, B. Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki r.y. (MVTT) Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry in Finland University of Oulu Graduate School (UniOGS) 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4193 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.4193 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.4193 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor International Journal of Climatology volume 35, issue 10, page 3078-3092 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 journal-article 2014 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4193 2024-08-13T04:17:38Z ABSTRACT Annual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature ( SAT ) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10 × 10 km 2 ) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trends in SAT and Spearman's correlation coefficient ( ρ ) to test the relationships between SAT patterns and various atmospheric circulation patterns over the northern hemisphere. The results showed that mean annual SAT in Finland increased ( p < 0.05) by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade during the study period and that the SAT was significantly ( ρ = 0.58, p < 0.05) positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation ( AO ) index. However, there were spatial differences within Finland for both the trends and relationships with the atmospheric circulation. Analysis of seasonal mean SAT identified significant ( p < 0.05) warming trends for both spring (by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade) and summer (by 0.3 ± 0.2 °C per decade). Winter and spring mean SATs were most strongly ( p < 0.05) correlated with the AO index ( ρ = 0.72 and 0.42, respectively), while the most significant teleconnection pattern for mean SAT in summer was the East Atlantic ( EA ) pattern ( ρ = 0.43, p < 0.05); and in autumn the EA/West Russia ( WR ) pattern ( ρ = −0.59, p < 0.05). These results provide a detailed spatial picture of climate warming in Finland in recent decades and reveal that interannual variation of the SAT in Finland is closely linked with a number of atmospheric circulation patterns, not just the AO and North Atlantic Oscillation ( NAO ). Annual and cold‐season SAT are mainly influenced by the AO and NAO , whereas the EA , EA / WR , Scandinavia ( SCA ) and West Pacific ( WP ) patterns play an important role for warm‐season SAT . Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Wiley Online Library International Journal of Climatology 35 10 3078 3092 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
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English |
description |
ABSTRACT Annual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature ( SAT ) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10 × 10 km 2 ) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trends in SAT and Spearman's correlation coefficient ( ρ ) to test the relationships between SAT patterns and various atmospheric circulation patterns over the northern hemisphere. The results showed that mean annual SAT in Finland increased ( p < 0.05) by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade during the study period and that the SAT was significantly ( ρ = 0.58, p < 0.05) positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation ( AO ) index. However, there were spatial differences within Finland for both the trends and relationships with the atmospheric circulation. Analysis of seasonal mean SAT identified significant ( p < 0.05) warming trends for both spring (by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade) and summer (by 0.3 ± 0.2 °C per decade). Winter and spring mean SATs were most strongly ( p < 0.05) correlated with the AO index ( ρ = 0.72 and 0.42, respectively), while the most significant teleconnection pattern for mean SAT in summer was the East Atlantic ( EA ) pattern ( ρ = 0.43, p < 0.05); and in autumn the EA/West Russia ( WR ) pattern ( ρ = −0.59, p < 0.05). These results provide a detailed spatial picture of climate warming in Finland in recent decades and reveal that interannual variation of the SAT in Finland is closely linked with a number of atmospheric circulation patterns, not just the AO and North Atlantic Oscillation ( NAO ). Annual and cold‐season SAT are mainly influenced by the AO and NAO , whereas the EA , EA / WR , Scandinavia ( SCA ) and West Pacific ( WP ) patterns play an important role for warm‐season SAT . |
author2 |
Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki r.y. (MVTT) Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry in Finland University of Oulu Graduate School (UniOGS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Irannezhad, M. Chen, D. Kløve, B. |
spellingShingle |
Irannezhad, M. Chen, D. Kløve, B. Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
author_facet |
Irannezhad, M. Chen, D. Kløve, B. |
author_sort |
Irannezhad, M. |
title |
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
title_short |
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
title_full |
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
title_fullStr |
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
title_sort |
interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011 |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4193 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.4193 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.4193 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
International Journal of Climatology volume 35, issue 10, page 3078-3092 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4193 |
container_title |
International Journal of Climatology |
container_volume |
35 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3078 |
op_container_end_page |
3092 |
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1810464356123541504 |