Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic
Abstract This paper discusses the occurrence and characteristics of small ice crystals that are encountered in the lower troposphere of the Arctic during the cold half of the year, when large reductions in visibility are present. Because of the difficulties in observing these ice crystals, both from...
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crwiley:10.1002/joc.3370100708 2024-06-02T08:00:37+00:00 Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic Curry, J. A. Meyer, F. G. Radke, L. F. Brock, C. A. Ebert, E. E. 1990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370100708 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.3370100708 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.3370100708 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor International Journal of Climatology volume 10, issue 7, page 749-764 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 journal-article 1990 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370100708 2024-05-03T11:30:42Z Abstract This paper discusses the occurrence and characteristics of small ice crystals that are encountered in the lower troposphere of the Arctic during the cold half of the year, when large reductions in visibility are present. Because of the difficulties in observing these ice crystals, both from surface and satellite observations, and owing to the ambiguities of cloud classification in the polar regions, these ice crystals are not included in current cloud climatologies. A summary is presented of what is known about the Arctic ice crystal climatology, formation mechanisms, and physical properties. Data obtained from the University of Washington Convair C‐131A research aircraft during April 1983 and 1986 are presented, including the frequency of occurrence of ice crystals as a function of height, temperature, and relative humidity. Radiative transfer calculations were made using the observed ice crystal size distributions. The radiative transfer through the ice crystal layers is inferred to have a substantial impact on visibility in the Arctic, the vertical temperature structure of the Arctic troposphere, and on the surface energy balance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Wiley Online Library Arctic International Journal of Climatology 10 7 749 764 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract This paper discusses the occurrence and characteristics of small ice crystals that are encountered in the lower troposphere of the Arctic during the cold half of the year, when large reductions in visibility are present. Because of the difficulties in observing these ice crystals, both from surface and satellite observations, and owing to the ambiguities of cloud classification in the polar regions, these ice crystals are not included in current cloud climatologies. A summary is presented of what is known about the Arctic ice crystal climatology, formation mechanisms, and physical properties. Data obtained from the University of Washington Convair C‐131A research aircraft during April 1983 and 1986 are presented, including the frequency of occurrence of ice crystals as a function of height, temperature, and relative humidity. Radiative transfer calculations were made using the observed ice crystal size distributions. The radiative transfer through the ice crystal layers is inferred to have a substantial impact on visibility in the Arctic, the vertical temperature structure of the Arctic troposphere, and on the surface energy balance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Curry, J. A. Meyer, F. G. Radke, L. F. Brock, C. A. Ebert, E. E. |
spellingShingle |
Curry, J. A. Meyer, F. G. Radke, L. F. Brock, C. A. Ebert, E. E. Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
author_facet |
Curry, J. A. Meyer, F. G. Radke, L. F. Brock, C. A. Ebert, E. E. |
author_sort |
Curry, J. A. |
title |
Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
title_short |
Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
title_full |
Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
title_fullStr |
Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
title_sort |
occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the arctic |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1990 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370100708 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.3370100708 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.3370100708 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
International Journal of Climatology volume 10, issue 7, page 749-764 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370100708 |
container_title |
International Journal of Climatology |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
749 |
op_container_end_page |
764 |
_version_ |
1800744690183569408 |