Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis
Abstract The atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic in 1979–2001 was analysed on the basis of the ERA‐40 reanalysis. Zonal variations in the profiles of specific humidity mainly occur at altitudes below 5 km. The moisture transport peaks at altitudes lower than previously suggested; the median pe...
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crwiley:10.1002/joc.2039 2024-09-15T18:10:04+00:00 Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis Jakobson, Erko Vihma, Timo 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2039 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.2039 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.2039 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor International Journal of Climatology volume 30, issue 14, page 2175-2194 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 journal-article 2010 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2039 2024-07-30T04:17:31Z Abstract The atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic in 1979–2001 was analysed on the basis of the ERA‐40 reanalysis. Zonal variations in the profiles of specific humidity mainly occur at altitudes below 5 km. The moisture transport peaks at altitudes lower than previously suggested; the median peak level of meridional moisture flux (MMF) across 70°N is in winter at 930 hPa pressure level and in other seasons at 970–990 hPa level. Mean precipitable water for the polar cap (70–90°N) ranges from 2.4 mm in winter to 12.3 mm in summer. Transient eddies (TE) are responsible for most of the water vapour transport across 70°N by providing from 81% of MMF in winter to 92% of MMF in summer. The contribution by stationary eddies (SE) ranges from 5 to 9%, whereas the contribution of mean meridional circulation (MMC) ranges from 1% in summer to 12% in winter. Relative inter‐annual variation in MMF components is highest for SE (standard deviation/mean = 133%), second highest for the MMC (61%) and smallest for TE (4%). The MMF across 70°N accounts for 59% of the annual precipitation. Averaged for the polar cap, the mean annual moisture flux convergence (192 mm) and net precipitation (179 mm) are close to each other, but local differences exceeding 200 mm occur at several places. Over the open ocean, the moisture flux convergence is considered more reliable. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) index correlates with MMF in spring and winter (correlation coefficient r = 0.75) and with net precipitation in spring ( r = 0.61) and winter ( r = 0.50). The AO and precipitable water correlate in Canada and Greenland in winter and spring ( r = − 0.7) and in Europe in winter ( r = 0.8). Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Wiley Online Library International Journal of Climatology 30 14 2175 2194 |
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English |
description |
Abstract The atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic in 1979–2001 was analysed on the basis of the ERA‐40 reanalysis. Zonal variations in the profiles of specific humidity mainly occur at altitudes below 5 km. The moisture transport peaks at altitudes lower than previously suggested; the median peak level of meridional moisture flux (MMF) across 70°N is in winter at 930 hPa pressure level and in other seasons at 970–990 hPa level. Mean precipitable water for the polar cap (70–90°N) ranges from 2.4 mm in winter to 12.3 mm in summer. Transient eddies (TE) are responsible for most of the water vapour transport across 70°N by providing from 81% of MMF in winter to 92% of MMF in summer. The contribution by stationary eddies (SE) ranges from 5 to 9%, whereas the contribution of mean meridional circulation (MMC) ranges from 1% in summer to 12% in winter. Relative inter‐annual variation in MMF components is highest for SE (standard deviation/mean = 133%), second highest for the MMC (61%) and smallest for TE (4%). The MMF across 70°N accounts for 59% of the annual precipitation. Averaged for the polar cap, the mean annual moisture flux convergence (192 mm) and net precipitation (179 mm) are close to each other, but local differences exceeding 200 mm occur at several places. Over the open ocean, the moisture flux convergence is considered more reliable. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) index correlates with MMF in spring and winter (correlation coefficient r = 0.75) and with net precipitation in spring ( r = 0.61) and winter ( r = 0.50). The AO and precipitable water correlate in Canada and Greenland in winter and spring ( r = − 0.7) and in Europe in winter ( r = 0.8). Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jakobson, Erko Vihma, Timo |
spellingShingle |
Jakobson, Erko Vihma, Timo Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
author_facet |
Jakobson, Erko Vihma, Timo |
author_sort |
Jakobson, Erko |
title |
Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
title_short |
Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
title_full |
Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis |
title_sort |
atmospheric moisture budget in the arctic based on the era‐40 reanalysis |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2039 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.2039 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.2039 |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_source |
International Journal of Climatology volume 30, issue 14, page 2175-2194 ISSN 0899-8418 1097-0088 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2039 |
container_title |
International Journal of Climatology |
container_volume |
30 |
container_issue |
14 |
container_start_page |
2175 |
op_container_end_page |
2194 |
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1810447673207029760 |