Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades
Abstract Long‐term environment acidifications due to decrease pH of the rainwaters affect both soils and water bodies. The organisms most likely to be affected by acid rain are the ones that possess vital organs made of calcium carbonate; among them are tardigrades, presenting aragonite piercing sty...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2701 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.2701 |
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crwiley:10.1002/jez.2701 2024-09-15T17:34:57+00:00 Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades Massa, Edoardo Rebecchi, Lorena Guidetti, Roberto 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2701 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.2701 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology volume 339, issue 6, page 578-589 ISSN 2471-5638 2471-5646 journal-article 2023 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2701 2024-08-30T04:09:05Z Abstract Long‐term environment acidifications due to decrease pH of the rainwaters affect both soils and water bodies. The organisms most likely to be affected by acid rain are the ones that possess vital organs made of calcium carbonate; among them are tardigrades, presenting aragonite piercing stylets in feeding apparatuses. A positive relationship between acidic rainfall and loss of tardigrades diversity has been already shown, but there is lack of knowledge of its lethal and sublethal effects. This study quantifies the effects of the acute exposure of three eutardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus , Hypsibius exemplaris , and Macrobiotus cf. hufelandi , to synthetic acid rains and to organic and inorganic acids (hydrochloric, acetic, sulfuric, and nitric acids) naturally occurring in the environment. The cumulative proportion of dead animals in respect of exposition time was fitted to cumulative Weibull Distribution using a Bayesian framework. At the end of the experiments, animals were observed to investigate damages to their piercing stylets. Besides, stylets were finely morphologically described with Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study shows that acid rains and the other tested acids negatively affect tardigrades accordingly with pH, time of exposure, and tardigrade species. Freshwater species show a better resistance to acidity than the moss dwelling species, which can better acclimate over the time to low pH. The stylets resulted unaltered in almost all of the alive specimens. The results suggest that the tested tardigrades taxa have the ability to buffer the environmental proton change and the negative effect on their populations could be counteracted. Article in Journal/Newspaper Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade Wiley Online Library Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 339 6 578 589 |
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English |
description |
Abstract Long‐term environment acidifications due to decrease pH of the rainwaters affect both soils and water bodies. The organisms most likely to be affected by acid rain are the ones that possess vital organs made of calcium carbonate; among them are tardigrades, presenting aragonite piercing stylets in feeding apparatuses. A positive relationship between acidic rainfall and loss of tardigrades diversity has been already shown, but there is lack of knowledge of its lethal and sublethal effects. This study quantifies the effects of the acute exposure of three eutardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus , Hypsibius exemplaris , and Macrobiotus cf. hufelandi , to synthetic acid rains and to organic and inorganic acids (hydrochloric, acetic, sulfuric, and nitric acids) naturally occurring in the environment. The cumulative proportion of dead animals in respect of exposition time was fitted to cumulative Weibull Distribution using a Bayesian framework. At the end of the experiments, animals were observed to investigate damages to their piercing stylets. Besides, stylets were finely morphologically described with Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study shows that acid rains and the other tested acids negatively affect tardigrades accordingly with pH, time of exposure, and tardigrade species. Freshwater species show a better resistance to acidity than the moss dwelling species, which can better acclimate over the time to low pH. The stylets resulted unaltered in almost all of the alive specimens. The results suggest that the tested tardigrades taxa have the ability to buffer the environmental proton change and the negative effect on their populations could be counteracted. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Massa, Edoardo Rebecchi, Lorena Guidetti, Roberto |
spellingShingle |
Massa, Edoardo Rebecchi, Lorena Guidetti, Roberto Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
author_facet |
Massa, Edoardo Rebecchi, Lorena Guidetti, Roberto |
author_sort |
Massa, Edoardo |
title |
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
title_short |
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
title_full |
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
title_fullStr |
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and CaCO 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
title_sort |
effects of synthetic acid rain and organic and inorganic acids on survival and caco 3 piercing stylets in tardigrades |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2701 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.2701 |
genre |
Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade |
genre_facet |
Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade |
op_source |
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology volume 339, issue 6, page 578-589 ISSN 2471-5638 2471-5646 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2701 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
container_volume |
339 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
578 |
op_container_end_page |
589 |
_version_ |
1810434827093016576 |