Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes)
Abstract Avian bipedalism is best studied in derived walking/running specialists. Here, we use kinematics and center of mass (CoM) mechanical energy patterns to investigate gait transitions of lapwings—migratory birds that forage on the ground, and therefore may need a trade‐off between the function...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1750 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjez.1750 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.1750 |
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crwiley:10.1002/jez.1750 2024-06-02T08:15:42+00:00 Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) Nyakatura, J.A. Andrada, E. Grimm, N. Weise, H. Fischer, M.S. 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1750 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjez.1750 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.1750 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology volume 317, issue 9, page 580-594 ISSN 1932-5223 1932-5231 journal-article 2012 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1750 2024-05-03T11:24:06Z Abstract Avian bipedalism is best studied in derived walking/running specialists. Here, we use kinematics and center of mass (CoM) mechanical energy patterns to investigate gait transitions of lapwings—migratory birds that forage on the ground, and therefore may need a trade‐off between the functional demands of terrestrial locomotion and long distance flights. The animals ran on a treadmill while high‐speed X‐ray videos were recorded within the sustainable speed range. Instantaneous CoM mechanics were computed from integrating kinematics and body segment properties. Lapwings exhibit similar locomotor characteristics to specialized walking/running birds, but have less distinct gaits. At slow speeds no clear separation between vaulting (i.e., walking) and bouncing (i.e., running) energy patterns exists. Mechanical energy recovery of non‐bouncing gaits correlates poorly with speed and suggests inefficient use of the inverted pendulum mechanism. Speed ranges of gaits overlap considerably, especially those of grounded running, a gait with CoM mechanics indicative of running but without an aerial phase, and aerial phase running, with no preferential gait at most speeds. Compliant limb morphology and grounded running in birds can be regarded as an evolutionary constraint, but lapwings effectively make use of advantages offered by this gait for a great fraction of their speed range. Thus, effective usage of grounded running during terrestrial locomotion is suggested generally to be a part of striding avian bipedalism—even in species not specialized in walking/running locomotion. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:580–594, 2012 . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Article in Journal/Newspaper Vanellus vanellus Wiley Online Library Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 317 9 580 594 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Avian bipedalism is best studied in derived walking/running specialists. Here, we use kinematics and center of mass (CoM) mechanical energy patterns to investigate gait transitions of lapwings—migratory birds that forage on the ground, and therefore may need a trade‐off between the functional demands of terrestrial locomotion and long distance flights. The animals ran on a treadmill while high‐speed X‐ray videos were recorded within the sustainable speed range. Instantaneous CoM mechanics were computed from integrating kinematics and body segment properties. Lapwings exhibit similar locomotor characteristics to specialized walking/running birds, but have less distinct gaits. At slow speeds no clear separation between vaulting (i.e., walking) and bouncing (i.e., running) energy patterns exists. Mechanical energy recovery of non‐bouncing gaits correlates poorly with speed and suggests inefficient use of the inverted pendulum mechanism. Speed ranges of gaits overlap considerably, especially those of grounded running, a gait with CoM mechanics indicative of running but without an aerial phase, and aerial phase running, with no preferential gait at most speeds. Compliant limb morphology and grounded running in birds can be regarded as an evolutionary constraint, but lapwings effectively make use of advantages offered by this gait for a great fraction of their speed range. Thus, effective usage of grounded running during terrestrial locomotion is suggested generally to be a part of striding avian bipedalism—even in species not specialized in walking/running locomotion. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:580–594, 2012 . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nyakatura, J.A. Andrada, E. Grimm, N. Weise, H. Fischer, M.S. |
spellingShingle |
Nyakatura, J.A. Andrada, E. Grimm, N. Weise, H. Fischer, M.S. Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
author_facet |
Nyakatura, J.A. Andrada, E. Grimm, N. Weise, H. Fischer, M.S. |
author_sort |
Nyakatura, J.A. |
title |
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
title_short |
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
title_full |
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
title_fullStr |
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings ( Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes) |
title_sort |
kinematics and center of mass mechanics during terrestrial locomotion in northern lapwings ( vanellus vanellus, charadriiformes) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1750 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjez.1750 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jez.1750 |
genre |
Vanellus vanellus |
genre_facet |
Vanellus vanellus |
op_source |
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology volume 317, issue 9, page 580-594 ISSN 1932-5223 1932-5231 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1750 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology |
container_volume |
317 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
580 |
op_container_end_page |
594 |
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1800739974661799936 |