Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling
Abstract In order to assess glacier runoff to the Upper Columbia River Basin (UCRB) and quantify energy balance effects of tributary‐trunk detachment due to recession, we used field observations to develop a distributed melt model of Shackleton Glacier, Canadian Rockies. Field data were derived from...
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crwiley:10.1002/hyp.9288 2024-10-06T13:52:45+00:00 Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling Jiskoot, Hester Mueller, Mark S. 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9288 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhyp.9288 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hyp.9288 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Hydrological Processes volume 26, issue 12, page 1861-1875 ISSN 0885-6087 1099-1085 journal-article 2012 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9288 2024-09-11T04:18:05Z Abstract In order to assess glacier runoff to the Upper Columbia River Basin (UCRB) and quantify energy balance effects of tributary‐trunk detachment due to recession, we used field observations to develop a distributed melt model of Shackleton Glacier, Canadian Rockies. Field data were derived from meteorological stations, ablation and snowline measurements, and weather observations between 2004 and 2010. Katabatic wind speed and direction were linked to terrain heat advection and irradiance, potentially resulting in significant cross‐glacier gradients in melt. A geographic information system‐based distributed melt model, using standard energy balance components, was developed for the 2010 melt season. Benchmark model parameterisations were derived for clear, cloudy and overcast days. Novel model parameterisations include terrain irradiance using a sky view factor and an albedo mask, and a katabatic wind ‘switch’ with valley temperature thresholds. Modelled energy balance components suggest significant sensitivities to terrain irradiance and katabatic wind, in part related to cloudiness. Glacier‐wide melt decreased by 10–15% when katabatic wind was turned off, with an interesting spatial pattern. Longwave radiation from valley walls increased local melt up to 30%, but net glacier‐wide effects were <6%. Daily glacier melt was 0.1–0.8 million m 3 w.e. day −1 and peaked in early August. Net 2010 planar‐area melt was 38–50 million m 3 w.e., depending on cold storage, whereas slope‐corrected‐area melt was ~4% higher. Our results indicate that katabatic wind and terrain are important in calculations of ablation in fragmenting glacier systems and that late‐summer glacier contribution to UCRB runoff at Mica Dam is ~25%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Shackleton Glacier Wiley Online Library Shackleton Shackleton Glacier ENVELOPE(-37.200,-37.200,-54.133,-54.133) Hydrological Processes 26 12 1861 1875 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract In order to assess glacier runoff to the Upper Columbia River Basin (UCRB) and quantify energy balance effects of tributary‐trunk detachment due to recession, we used field observations to develop a distributed melt model of Shackleton Glacier, Canadian Rockies. Field data were derived from meteorological stations, ablation and snowline measurements, and weather observations between 2004 and 2010. Katabatic wind speed and direction were linked to terrain heat advection and irradiance, potentially resulting in significant cross‐glacier gradients in melt. A geographic information system‐based distributed melt model, using standard energy balance components, was developed for the 2010 melt season. Benchmark model parameterisations were derived for clear, cloudy and overcast days. Novel model parameterisations include terrain irradiance using a sky view factor and an albedo mask, and a katabatic wind ‘switch’ with valley temperature thresholds. Modelled energy balance components suggest significant sensitivities to terrain irradiance and katabatic wind, in part related to cloudiness. Glacier‐wide melt decreased by 10–15% when katabatic wind was turned off, with an interesting spatial pattern. Longwave radiation from valley walls increased local melt up to 30%, but net glacier‐wide effects were <6%. Daily glacier melt was 0.1–0.8 million m 3 w.e. day −1 and peaked in early August. Net 2010 planar‐area melt was 38–50 million m 3 w.e., depending on cold storage, whereas slope‐corrected‐area melt was ~4% higher. Our results indicate that katabatic wind and terrain are important in calculations of ablation in fragmenting glacier systems and that late‐summer glacier contribution to UCRB runoff at Mica Dam is ~25%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jiskoot, Hester Mueller, Mark S. |
spellingShingle |
Jiskoot, Hester Mueller, Mark S. Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
author_facet |
Jiskoot, Hester Mueller, Mark S. |
author_sort |
Jiskoot, Hester |
title |
Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
title_short |
Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
title_full |
Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
title_fullStr |
Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
title_sort |
glacier fragmentation effects on surface energy balance and runoff: field measurements and distributed modelling |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9288 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhyp.9288 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hyp.9288 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-37.200,-37.200,-54.133,-54.133) |
geographic |
Shackleton Shackleton Glacier |
geographic_facet |
Shackleton Shackleton Glacier |
genre |
Shackleton Glacier |
genre_facet |
Shackleton Glacier |
op_source |
Hydrological Processes volume 26, issue 12, page 1861-1875 ISSN 0885-6087 1099-1085 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9288 |
container_title |
Hydrological Processes |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
1861 |
op_container_end_page |
1875 |
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1812181219755950080 |