A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics
Abstract The frost table depth is a critical state variable for hydrological modelling in cold regions as frozen ground controls runoff generation, subsurface water storage and the permafrost regime. Calculation of the frost table depth is typically performed using a modified version of the Stefan e...
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crwiley:10.1002/hyp.10573 2024-06-23T07:55:43+00:00 A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics Williams, Tyler J. Pomeroy, John W. Janowicz, J Richard Carey, Sean K. Rasouli, Kabir Quinton, William L. NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network Yukon Environment 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10573 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhyp.10573 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hyp.10573 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Hydrological Processes volume 29, issue 18, page 3954-3965 ISSN 0885-6087 1099-1085 journal-article 2015 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10573 2024-06-11T04:52:21Z Abstract The frost table depth is a critical state variable for hydrological modelling in cold regions as frozen ground controls runoff generation, subsurface water storage and the permafrost regime. Calculation of the frost table depth is typically performed using a modified version of the Stefan equation, which is driven with the ground surface temperature. Ground surface temperatures have usually been estimated as linear functions of air temperature, referred to as ‘ n ‐factors’ in permafrost studies. However, these linear functions perform poorly early in the thaw season and vary widely with slope, aspect and vegetation cover, requiring site‐specific calibration. In order to improve estimation of the ground surface temperature and avoid site‐specific calibration, an empirical radiative–conductive–convective (RCC) approach is proposed that uses air temperature, net radiation and antecedent frost table position as driving variables. The RCC algorithm was developed from forested and open sites on the eastern slope of the Coastal Mountains in southern Yukon, Canada, and tested at a high‐altitude site in the Canadian Rockies, and a peatland in the southern Northwest Territories. The RCC approach performed well in a variety of land types without any local calibration and particularly improved estimation of ground temperature compared with linear functions during the first month of the thaw season, with mean absolute errors <2 °C in seven of the nine sites tested. An example of the RCC approach coupled with a modified Stefan thaw equation suggests a capability to represent frozen ground conditions that can be incorporated into hydrological and permafrost models of cold regions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Territories permafrost Yukon Wiley Online Library Canada Northwest Territories Yukon Hydrological Processes 29 18 3954 3965 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The frost table depth is a critical state variable for hydrological modelling in cold regions as frozen ground controls runoff generation, subsurface water storage and the permafrost regime. Calculation of the frost table depth is typically performed using a modified version of the Stefan equation, which is driven with the ground surface temperature. Ground surface temperatures have usually been estimated as linear functions of air temperature, referred to as ‘ n ‐factors’ in permafrost studies. However, these linear functions perform poorly early in the thaw season and vary widely with slope, aspect and vegetation cover, requiring site‐specific calibration. In order to improve estimation of the ground surface temperature and avoid site‐specific calibration, an empirical radiative–conductive–convective (RCC) approach is proposed that uses air temperature, net radiation and antecedent frost table position as driving variables. The RCC algorithm was developed from forested and open sites on the eastern slope of the Coastal Mountains in southern Yukon, Canada, and tested at a high‐altitude site in the Canadian Rockies, and a peatland in the southern Northwest Territories. The RCC approach performed well in a variety of land types without any local calibration and particularly improved estimation of ground temperature compared with linear functions during the first month of the thaw season, with mean absolute errors <2 °C in seven of the nine sites tested. An example of the RCC approach coupled with a modified Stefan thaw equation suggests a capability to represent frozen ground conditions that can be incorporated into hydrological and permafrost models of cold regions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
author2 |
NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network Yukon Environment |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Williams, Tyler J. Pomeroy, John W. Janowicz, J Richard Carey, Sean K. Rasouli, Kabir Quinton, William L. |
spellingShingle |
Williams, Tyler J. Pomeroy, John W. Janowicz, J Richard Carey, Sean K. Rasouli, Kabir Quinton, William L. A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
author_facet |
Williams, Tyler J. Pomeroy, John W. Janowicz, J Richard Carey, Sean K. Rasouli, Kabir Quinton, William L. |
author_sort |
Williams, Tyler J. |
title |
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
title_short |
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
title_full |
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
title_fullStr |
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed |
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
title_sort |
radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10573 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fhyp.10573 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hyp.10573 |
geographic |
Canada Northwest Territories Yukon |
geographic_facet |
Canada Northwest Territories Yukon |
genre |
Northwest Territories permafrost Yukon |
genre_facet |
Northwest Territories permafrost Yukon |
op_source |
Hydrological Processes volume 29, issue 18, page 3954-3965 ISSN 0885-6087 1099-1085 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10573 |
container_title |
Hydrological Processes |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
18 |
container_start_page |
3954 |
op_container_end_page |
3965 |
_version_ |
1802648390989774848 |