Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes
The Choghart iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposit is one of the largest iron mines of the Bafq district in Central Iran. This deposit is hosted by the Early Cambrian rhyolites, and diabase dikes crosscut both host rocks and the ore bodies. The Choghart rhyolites erupted in a continental arc setting, whi...
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crwiley:10.1002/gj.4399 2024-06-02T08:09:54+00:00 Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes Khoshnoodi, Khalegh Yazdi, Mohammad Ghannadi‐Maragheh, Mohammad Ziapour, Samaneh Deymar, Saleh Behzadi, Mehrdad 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4399 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/gj.4399 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/gj.4399 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Geological Journal volume 57, issue 6, page 2144-2159 ISSN 0072-1050 1099-1034 journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4399 2024-05-03T10:45:36Z The Choghart iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposit is one of the largest iron mines of the Bafq district in Central Iran. This deposit is hosted by the Early Cambrian rhyolites, and diabase dikes crosscut both host rocks and the ore bodies. The Choghart rhyolites erupted in a continental arc setting, while the Choghart diabase dikes formed in a back‐arc basin environment. Thorite, minor titanite, and REE‐oxide are the main hosts of Th and REEs. The mineralogy and geochemistry support that the Th–REE mineralization formed at relatively reduced conditions. The presence of calcite accompanied by thorite and titanite suggests that Th and REE probably migrated as carbonate complexes in the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Microthermometric data of calcite associated with thorite indicate that the salinity of the ore‐forming fluids varies from 20 to 30 wt% NaCl equivalent with temperature estimates between 300 and 370°C. The narrow range of homogenization temperature and low salinities of the fluid inclusions imply the presence of only one fluid phase in the Th–REE mineralization. The calcite δ 13 C PDB (−3.9 to −4.1‰) and δ 18 O SMOW (6.6–7.0‰) support a magmatic source for the ore‐forming fluids. Actinolite δD (5.55–6.72‰) and δ 18 O (−100.8 to −82.4‰) also suggest a magmatic source of the ore‐forming fluids. Microthermometric data imply that fluid–rock interaction and cooling were critical factors triggering the thorite precipitation at Choghart IOA deposit. Stable isotopic data indicate that post‐magmatic fluids derived from rhyolitic magmas played a significant role in the Th–REE mineralization. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kiruna Wiley Online Library Kiruna Geological Journal |
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English |
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The Choghart iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposit is one of the largest iron mines of the Bafq district in Central Iran. This deposit is hosted by the Early Cambrian rhyolites, and diabase dikes crosscut both host rocks and the ore bodies. The Choghart rhyolites erupted in a continental arc setting, while the Choghart diabase dikes formed in a back‐arc basin environment. Thorite, minor titanite, and REE‐oxide are the main hosts of Th and REEs. The mineralogy and geochemistry support that the Th–REE mineralization formed at relatively reduced conditions. The presence of calcite accompanied by thorite and titanite suggests that Th and REE probably migrated as carbonate complexes in the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Microthermometric data of calcite associated with thorite indicate that the salinity of the ore‐forming fluids varies from 20 to 30 wt% NaCl equivalent with temperature estimates between 300 and 370°C. The narrow range of homogenization temperature and low salinities of the fluid inclusions imply the presence of only one fluid phase in the Th–REE mineralization. The calcite δ 13 C PDB (−3.9 to −4.1‰) and δ 18 O SMOW (6.6–7.0‰) support a magmatic source for the ore‐forming fluids. Actinolite δD (5.55–6.72‰) and δ 18 O (−100.8 to −82.4‰) also suggest a magmatic source of the ore‐forming fluids. Microthermometric data imply that fluid–rock interaction and cooling were critical factors triggering the thorite precipitation at Choghart IOA deposit. Stable isotopic data indicate that post‐magmatic fluids derived from rhyolitic magmas played a significant role in the Th–REE mineralization. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Khoshnoodi, Khalegh Yazdi, Mohammad Ghannadi‐Maragheh, Mohammad Ziapour, Samaneh Deymar, Saleh Behzadi, Mehrdad |
spellingShingle |
Khoshnoodi, Khalegh Yazdi, Mohammad Ghannadi‐Maragheh, Mohammad Ziapour, Samaneh Deymar, Saleh Behzadi, Mehrdad Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
author_facet |
Khoshnoodi, Khalegh Yazdi, Mohammad Ghannadi‐Maragheh, Mohammad Ziapour, Samaneh Deymar, Saleh Behzadi, Mehrdad |
author_sort |
Khoshnoodi, Khalegh |
title |
Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
title_short |
Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
title_full |
Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
title_fullStr |
Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Formation and evolution of Th–REE mineralizing fluids at the Kiruna‐type Choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, Central Iran: Insights from fluid inclusions and H‐C‐O isotopes |
title_sort |
formation and evolution of th–ree mineralizing fluids at the kiruna‐type choghart iron oxide–apatite deposit, central iran: insights from fluid inclusions and h‐c‐o isotopes |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4399 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/gj.4399 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/gj.4399 |
geographic |
Kiruna |
geographic_facet |
Kiruna |
genre |
Kiruna |
genre_facet |
Kiruna |
op_source |
Geological Journal volume 57, issue 6, page 2144-2159 ISSN 0072-1050 1099-1034 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4399 |
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Geological Journal |
_version_ |
1800755688510586880 |