Mediterran‐mitteleuropäische Florenbeziehungen im Lichte cytotaxonomischer Befunde

• Published in: Feddes Repertorium
• Main Author: Ehrendorfer, Friedrich
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1970
• Subjects: Arctic
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19700810103; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Ffedr.19700810103; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fedr.19700810103

1) A survey of cytological, genetical, and other evidence for phylogenetic differentiation of higher plant groups in Mediterranean and Central European areas is presented. 2) Methods and possible results are demonstrated, using as an example the closely related Rubiaceous genera Cruciata and Valantia , where polyploidy, descending dysploidy, increase of heterochromatin, change from allogamy to autogamy, and from perennials to annuals suggest salient features of geographical and ecological differentiation. 3) The phylogeny of more than 70 other Europe groups of Ferns and Angiosperms from the Mediterranean and Central is briefly discussed in chapters on woody plants, perennials of forest, alpine, and other open habitats, and annuals. 4) The sequence from woody plants to annuals is on the average paralleled by increasing intensity of cytogenetical differentiation (polyploidy, dysploidy, etc.) and evolutionary versatility (instead of evolutionary conservatism), and by decreasing age of groups. Furtheron, there are more Holarctic and Eurasian elements in the former, but more European, Mediterranean and Oriental elements in the later groups. 5) In woody groups our examples suggest ancient affinities between relic Macaronesian resp. Colchic laurel forest elements and even more primitive Southeast‐Asian relatives ( Prunus subg. Laurocerasus ), origin of Mediterranean sclerophylls form laurel forest progenitors related to species in Macaronesia and East Asia ( Viburnum sect. Tinus ), and close affinities between Mediterranean evergreens and European summergreens ( Rubus sect. Moriferi ); these phenomena probably date back from the early to the later Tertiary. 6) Examples from perennial groups stress the importance of Macaronesian, Mediterranean, and Oriental areas as centers for old and primary geographical differentiation (West/East etc.) as well as for ecological radiation from laurel, sclerophyll and temperate forest elements to those of open, warm and/or cold (alpine‐arctic) habitats, probably from Mid‐Tertiary ...