Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals
Abstract Several unknown, abundant brominated compounds (BCs) were recently detected in the blubber of dolphins and other marine mammals from Queensland (northeast Australia). The BCs were interpreted as potential natural products due to the lack of anthropogenic sources for these compounds. This st...
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crwiley:10.1002/etc.5620211002 2024-06-23T07:45:59+00:00 Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals Vetter, Walter Stoll, Elke Garson, Mary J. Fahey, Shireen J. Gaus, Caroline Müller, Jochen F. 2002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620211002 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.5620211002 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620211002 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 21, issue 10, page 2014-2019 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2002 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620211002 2024-06-11T04:50:38Z Abstract Several unknown, abundant brominated compounds (BCs) were recently detected in the blubber of dolphins and other marine mammals from Queensland (northeast Australia). The BCs were interpreted as potential natural products due to the lack of anthropogenic sources for these compounds. This study investigated whether some of the BCs accumulated by diverse marine mammal species are identical with natural BCs previously isolated from sponges ( Dysidea sp.) living in the same habitat. Isolates from sponges and mollusks ( Asteronotus cespitosus) were compared with the signals detected in the mammals' tissue. Mass spectra and gas chromatography retention times on four different capillary columns of the isolates from sponges and mammals were identical in all respects. This proves that the chemical name of the compound previously labeled BC‐2 is 4,6‐dibromo‐2‐(2′,4′‐dibromo)phenoxyanisole and that the chemical name of BC‐11 is 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐(3′,5′‐dibromo,2′‐methoxy)phenoxyanisole. Using a quantitative reference solution of BC‐2, we established that the concentrations of the brominated metabolites found in the marine mammals are frequently >1 mg/kg. The highest concentration (3.8 mg/kg), found in a sample of pygmy sperm whale ( Kogia breviceps) , indicates that BC‐2 is a bioaccumulative, natural organohalogen compound. This is supported by the concentrations of the BCs in our samples being equal to the highest concentrations of anthropogenic BCs in any environmental sample. The quantitative determination of BC‐2 in blubber of marine mammals from Africa and the Antarctic suggests that BC‐2 is widespread. These results are direct proof that marine biota can produce persistent organic chemicals that accumulate to substantial concentrations in higher trophic organisms. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sperm whale Wiley Online Library Antarctic Queensland The Antarctic Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21 10 2014 2019 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Several unknown, abundant brominated compounds (BCs) were recently detected in the blubber of dolphins and other marine mammals from Queensland (northeast Australia). The BCs were interpreted as potential natural products due to the lack of anthropogenic sources for these compounds. This study investigated whether some of the BCs accumulated by diverse marine mammal species are identical with natural BCs previously isolated from sponges ( Dysidea sp.) living in the same habitat. Isolates from sponges and mollusks ( Asteronotus cespitosus) were compared with the signals detected in the mammals' tissue. Mass spectra and gas chromatography retention times on four different capillary columns of the isolates from sponges and mammals were identical in all respects. This proves that the chemical name of the compound previously labeled BC‐2 is 4,6‐dibromo‐2‐(2′,4′‐dibromo)phenoxyanisole and that the chemical name of BC‐11 is 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐(3′,5′‐dibromo,2′‐methoxy)phenoxyanisole. Using a quantitative reference solution of BC‐2, we established that the concentrations of the brominated metabolites found in the marine mammals are frequently >1 mg/kg. The highest concentration (3.8 mg/kg), found in a sample of pygmy sperm whale ( Kogia breviceps) , indicates that BC‐2 is a bioaccumulative, natural organohalogen compound. This is supported by the concentrations of the BCs in our samples being equal to the highest concentrations of anthropogenic BCs in any environmental sample. The quantitative determination of BC‐2 in blubber of marine mammals from Africa and the Antarctic suggests that BC‐2 is widespread. These results are direct proof that marine biota can produce persistent organic chemicals that accumulate to substantial concentrations in higher trophic organisms. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vetter, Walter Stoll, Elke Garson, Mary J. Fahey, Shireen J. Gaus, Caroline Müller, Jochen F. |
spellingShingle |
Vetter, Walter Stoll, Elke Garson, Mary J. Fahey, Shireen J. Gaus, Caroline Müller, Jochen F. Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
author_facet |
Vetter, Walter Stoll, Elke Garson, Mary J. Fahey, Shireen J. Gaus, Caroline Müller, Jochen F. |
author_sort |
Vetter, Walter |
title |
Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
title_short |
Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
title_full |
Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
title_fullStr |
Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
title_sort |
sponge halogenated natural products found at parts‐per‐million levels in marine mammals |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620211002 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.5620211002 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620211002 |
geographic |
Antarctic Queensland The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Queensland The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sperm whale |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 21, issue 10, page 2014-2019 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620211002 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2014 |
op_container_end_page |
2019 |
_version_ |
1802643345019764736 |