Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction
Abstract A global distribution model that was previously shown to give satisfactory results is used to study in more detail and quantitatively the fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) in the global environment. The results provide a comprehensive historical picture of the global behavior of this...
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crwiley:10.1002/etc.5620180708 2024-06-23T07:50:05+00:00 Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction Wania, Frank Mackay, Donald 1999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180708 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.5620180708 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620180708 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 18, issue 7, page 1400-1407 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 1999 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180708 2024-06-06T04:23:41Z Abstract A global distribution model that was previously shown to give satisfactory results is used to study in more detail and quantitatively the fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) in the global environment. The results provide a comprehensive historical picture of the global behavior of this chemical, which after being used in huge amounts in the early 1980s, has since been essentially eliminated. The major pathway of α‐HCH from a global perspective is the transfer from the site of application to the world oceans via rivers and the atmosphere. Major reservoirs were initially the soils in regions of application and are now the world oceans. Global distribution patterns can be explained by differential persistence in various climates and meridional transport in the atmosphere and oceans. Most of the α‐HCH emitted globally has been degraded in the zones of application, and only very small fractions, probably less than 1%, have survived until the mid−1990s and have reached the Arctic. However, a large fraction of the α‐HCH that has survived is now present in high latitudes. The Arctic Ocean as the final reservoir for α‐HCH is likely to be slowly depleted, with a half‐life of approximately one decade. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Wiley Online Library Arctic Arctic Ocean Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18 7 1400 1407 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract A global distribution model that was previously shown to give satisfactory results is used to study in more detail and quantitatively the fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) in the global environment. The results provide a comprehensive historical picture of the global behavior of this chemical, which after being used in huge amounts in the early 1980s, has since been essentially eliminated. The major pathway of α‐HCH from a global perspective is the transfer from the site of application to the world oceans via rivers and the atmosphere. Major reservoirs were initially the soils in regions of application and are now the world oceans. Global distribution patterns can be explained by differential persistence in various climates and meridional transport in the atmosphere and oceans. Most of the α‐HCH emitted globally has been degraded in the zones of application, and only very small fractions, probably less than 1%, have survived until the mid−1990s and have reached the Arctic. However, a large fraction of the α‐HCH that has survived is now present in high latitudes. The Arctic Ocean as the final reservoir for α‐HCH is likely to be slowly depleted, with a half‐life of approximately one decade. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wania, Frank Mackay, Donald |
spellingShingle |
Wania, Frank Mackay, Donald Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
author_facet |
Wania, Frank Mackay, Donald |
author_sort |
Wania, Frank |
title |
Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
title_short |
Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
title_full |
Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
title_fullStr |
Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. Use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
title_sort |
global chemical fate of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane. 2. use of a global distribution model for mass balancing, source apportionment, and trend prediction |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1999 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180708 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.5620180708 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620180708 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 18, issue 7, page 1400-1407 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180708 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
1400 |
op_container_end_page |
1407 |
_version_ |
1802640851519668224 |