Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
Abstract Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental pr...
Published in: | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
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crwiley:10.1002/etc.5343 2024-06-02T08:07:01+00:00 Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA Lyons, Rebecca Weatherly, Shaun Waters, Jason Bentley, Jim 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5343 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/etc.5343 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5343 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 41, issue 7, page 1623-1636 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343 2024-05-03T10:45:42Z Abstract Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence and ecotoxicity make them of immediate concern to the health of humans and wildlife populations. As glacier melt increases, transport of NPs to downstream environments will also increase. Snow, ice, meltwater, and till for five glaciers in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA, were investigated for the presence of 4‐nonylphenol (4NP). Average concentrations for snow, ice, meltwater, and glacial till were 0.77 ± .017 µg/L snow water, 0.75 ± .006 µg/L, 0.26 ± .053 µg/L, and 0.016 ± .004 µg/g, respectively. All samples showed the presence of 4NP. Deposition of 4NP downstream from glaciers will depend more on the ionic strength of the water than organic carbon to drive partitioning and deposition. Laboratory studies of partition coefficients showed that ionic strength contributed 59% of the driving force behind partitioning, while organic carbon contributed 36%. Evidence was found for interaction between organic carbon and the aqueous phase. The 4NP Setschenow constants ( K s ) were determined for particle types with varying percentages of organic carbon. Values of K s increased with the percentage of organic carbon. These relationships will shape further studies of 4NP deposition into the environment downstream of glacier outflow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1623–1636. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier glaciers Alaska Wiley Online Library Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
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English |
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Abstract Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence and ecotoxicity make them of immediate concern to the health of humans and wildlife populations. As glacier melt increases, transport of NPs to downstream environments will also increase. Snow, ice, meltwater, and till for five glaciers in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA, were investigated for the presence of 4‐nonylphenol (4NP). Average concentrations for snow, ice, meltwater, and glacial till were 0.77 ± .017 µg/L snow water, 0.75 ± .006 µg/L, 0.26 ± .053 µg/L, and 0.016 ± .004 µg/g, respectively. All samples showed the presence of 4NP. Deposition of 4NP downstream from glaciers will depend more on the ionic strength of the water than organic carbon to drive partitioning and deposition. Laboratory studies of partition coefficients showed that ionic strength contributed 59% of the driving force behind partitioning, while organic carbon contributed 36%. Evidence was found for interaction between organic carbon and the aqueous phase. The 4NP Setschenow constants ( K s ) were determined for particle types with varying percentages of organic carbon. Values of K s increased with the percentage of organic carbon. These relationships will shape further studies of 4NP deposition into the environment downstream of glacier outflow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1623–1636. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lyons, Rebecca Weatherly, Shaun Waters, Jason Bentley, Jim |
spellingShingle |
Lyons, Rebecca Weatherly, Shaun Waters, Jason Bentley, Jim Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
author_facet |
Lyons, Rebecca Weatherly, Shaun Waters, Jason Bentley, Jim |
author_sort |
Lyons, Rebecca |
title |
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
title_short |
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
title_full |
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
title_fullStr |
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA |
title_sort |
thermodynamics affecting glacier‐released 4‐nonylphenol deposition in alaska, usa |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5343 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/etc.5343 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5343 |
genre |
glacier glaciers Alaska |
genre_facet |
glacier glaciers Alaska |
op_source |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 41, issue 7, page 1623-1636 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343 |
container_title |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
_version_ |
1800752025250562048 |