The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season

Abstract The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis , juvenile Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida ), and larval sculpin ( Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions represent...

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Published in:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Main Authors: Gardiner, William W., Word, Jack Q., Word, Jack D., Perkins, Robert A., McFarlin, Kelly M., Hester, Brian W., Word, Lucinda S., Ray, Collin M.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2307
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spelling crwiley:10.1002/etc.2307 2024-06-23T07:45:02+00:00 The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season Gardiner, William W. Word, Jack Q. Word, Jack D. Perkins, Robert A. McFarlin, Kelly M. Hester, Brian W. Word, Lucinda S. Ray, Collin M. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2307 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.2307 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.2307 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/etc.2307 https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.2307 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry volume 32, issue 10, page 2284-2300 ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618 journal-article 2013 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2307 2024-06-06T04:21:32Z Abstract The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis , juvenile Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida ), and larval sculpin ( Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice‐free season. The toxicity of 3 water‐accommodated fractions (WAF) of Alaska North Slope crude oil was examined with spiked, declining exposures. A dispersant‐only test was conducted with the copepod C. glacialis . Each preparation with oil (WAF, breaking wave WAF [BWWAF], and chemically enhanced WAF [CEWAF]) produced distinct suites of hydrocarbon constituents; the total concentrations of oil were lowest in WAF and highest in CEWAF preparations. The relative sensitivity for the different species and age classes was similar within each WAF type. Median lethal concentration values based on total petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L for WAF and BWWAF treatments and from 22 mg/L to 62 mg/L for CEWAF. For Corexit 9500 exposures, median lethal concentration values ranged from 17 mg/L to 50 mg/L. The differences in the relative toxicity among the accommodated fractions indicated that the majority of petroleum hydrocarbons in the CEWAF are in less acutely toxic forms than the components that dominate the WAF or BWWAF. Further evaluation showed that the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, specifically naphthalene, were highly correlated to acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2284–2300. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Peridoicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alaska North Slope Arctic cod Arctic Boreogadus saida Calanus glacialis Chukchi north slope Alaska Wiley Online Library Arctic Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32 10 2284 2300
institution Open Polar
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description Abstract The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis , juvenile Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida ), and larval sculpin ( Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice‐free season. The toxicity of 3 water‐accommodated fractions (WAF) of Alaska North Slope crude oil was examined with spiked, declining exposures. A dispersant‐only test was conducted with the copepod C. glacialis . Each preparation with oil (WAF, breaking wave WAF [BWWAF], and chemically enhanced WAF [CEWAF]) produced distinct suites of hydrocarbon constituents; the total concentrations of oil were lowest in WAF and highest in CEWAF preparations. The relative sensitivity for the different species and age classes was similar within each WAF type. Median lethal concentration values based on total petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L for WAF and BWWAF treatments and from 22 mg/L to 62 mg/L for CEWAF. For Corexit 9500 exposures, median lethal concentration values ranged from 17 mg/L to 50 mg/L. The differences in the relative toxicity among the accommodated fractions indicated that the majority of petroleum hydrocarbons in the CEWAF are in less acutely toxic forms than the components that dominate the WAF or BWWAF. Further evaluation showed that the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, specifically naphthalene, were highly correlated to acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2284–2300. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Peridoicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Gardiner, William W.
Word, Jack Q.
Word, Jack D.
Perkins, Robert A.
McFarlin, Kelly M.
Hester, Brian W.
Word, Lucinda S.
Ray, Collin M.
spellingShingle Gardiner, William W.
Word, Jack Q.
Word, Jack D.
Perkins, Robert A.
McFarlin, Kelly M.
Hester, Brian W.
Word, Lucinda S.
Ray, Collin M.
The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
author_facet Gardiner, William W.
Word, Jack Q.
Word, Jack D.
Perkins, Robert A.
McFarlin, Kelly M.
Hester, Brian W.
Word, Lucinda S.
Ray, Collin M.
author_sort Gardiner, William W.
title The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
title_short The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
title_full The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
title_fullStr The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
title_full_unstemmed The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
title_sort acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
publisher Wiley
publishDate 2013
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2307
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geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Alaska North Slope
Arctic cod
Arctic
Boreogadus saida
Calanus glacialis
Chukchi
north slope
Alaska
genre_facet Alaska North Slope
Arctic cod
Arctic
Boreogadus saida
Calanus glacialis
Chukchi
north slope
Alaska
op_source Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
volume 32, issue 10, page 2284-2300
ISSN 0730-7268 1552-8618
op_rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2307
container_title Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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