Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups
Abstract Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) occur frequently in glaciated environments, and the resultant flooding causes geomorphic change and, in some instances, damage to local infrastructure. During some jökulhlaups, floodwater is stored temporarily in ice‐marginal locations. In July 1999, a lin...
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crwiley:10.1002/esp.476 2024-06-02T08:09:24+00:00 Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups Roberts, Matthew J. Tweed, Fiona S. Russell, Andrew J. Knudsen, Óskar Harris, Timothy D. NERC Staffordshire University Icelandic Public Roads Administration Icelandic Power Company 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.476 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.476 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.476 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Earth Surface Processes and Landforms volume 28, issue 7, page 723-737 ISSN 0197-9337 1096-9837 journal-article 2003 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.476 2024-05-03T11:41:00Z Abstract Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) occur frequently in glaciated environments, and the resultant flooding causes geomorphic change and, in some instances, damage to local infrastructure. During some jökulhlaups, floodwater is stored temporarily in ice‐marginal locations. In July 1999, a linearly rising jökulhlaup burst from Sólheimajökull, Iceland. During this remarkable event, subglacial floodwater pooled transiently in two relict ice‐dammed lake basins, before draining suddenly back into Sólheimajökull. The significance of such rapid formation and attendant drainage of temporary ice‐dammed lakes during jökulhlaups has not been addressed. Consequently, this paper: (i) assesses the hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation caused by lake‐basin ‘retro‐filling’; and (ii) discusses the impact and significance of transient retro‐filling under jökulhlaup conditions. Pre‐ and post‐flood fieldwork at Sólheimajökull enabled the impact and significance of lake‐basin retro‐filling to be assessed. Field evidence demonstrates that the July 1999 jökulhlaup had an unusually rapid rise to peak discharge, resulting in subglacial floodwater being purged to ice‐marginal locations. The propensity for temporary retro‐filling was controlled by rapid expulsion of floodwater from Sólheimajökull, coincident with locations suitable for floodwater storage. Floodwater inundated both ice‐marginal lake basins, permitting significant volumes of sediment deposition. Coarse‐grained deltas prograding from the ice margin and boulders perched on scoured bedrock provide geomorphic records of sudden retro‐filling. The depositional characteristics of lake‐basin deposits at Sólheimajökull are similar to jökulhlaup sediments documented in proglacial settings elsewhere; however, their depositional setting and association with ice‐marginal landforms is distinctive. Findings suggest that temporary ice‐dammed lake formation and drainage has the capacity to alter the shape of the flood hydrograph, especially if drainage of a ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Wiley Online Library Dammed Lake ENVELOPE(-68.258,-68.258,68.496,68.496) Marginal Lake ENVELOPE(163.500,163.500,-74.600,-74.600) Sólheimajökull ENVELOPE(-19.303,-19.303,63.557,63.557) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 28 7 723 737 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) occur frequently in glaciated environments, and the resultant flooding causes geomorphic change and, in some instances, damage to local infrastructure. During some jökulhlaups, floodwater is stored temporarily in ice‐marginal locations. In July 1999, a linearly rising jökulhlaup burst from Sólheimajökull, Iceland. During this remarkable event, subglacial floodwater pooled transiently in two relict ice‐dammed lake basins, before draining suddenly back into Sólheimajökull. The significance of such rapid formation and attendant drainage of temporary ice‐dammed lakes during jökulhlaups has not been addressed. Consequently, this paper: (i) assesses the hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation caused by lake‐basin ‘retro‐filling’; and (ii) discusses the impact and significance of transient retro‐filling under jökulhlaup conditions. Pre‐ and post‐flood fieldwork at Sólheimajökull enabled the impact and significance of lake‐basin retro‐filling to be assessed. Field evidence demonstrates that the July 1999 jökulhlaup had an unusually rapid rise to peak discharge, resulting in subglacial floodwater being purged to ice‐marginal locations. The propensity for temporary retro‐filling was controlled by rapid expulsion of floodwater from Sólheimajökull, coincident with locations suitable for floodwater storage. Floodwater inundated both ice‐marginal lake basins, permitting significant volumes of sediment deposition. Coarse‐grained deltas prograding from the ice margin and boulders perched on scoured bedrock provide geomorphic records of sudden retro‐filling. The depositional characteristics of lake‐basin deposits at Sólheimajökull are similar to jökulhlaup sediments documented in proglacial settings elsewhere; however, their depositional setting and association with ice‐marginal landforms is distinctive. Findings suggest that temporary ice‐dammed lake formation and drainage has the capacity to alter the shape of the flood hydrograph, especially if drainage of a ... |
author2 |
NERC Staffordshire University Icelandic Public Roads Administration Icelandic Power Company |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Roberts, Matthew J. Tweed, Fiona S. Russell, Andrew J. Knudsen, Óskar Harris, Timothy D. |
spellingShingle |
Roberts, Matthew J. Tweed, Fiona S. Russell, Andrew J. Knudsen, Óskar Harris, Timothy D. Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
author_facet |
Roberts, Matthew J. Tweed, Fiona S. Russell, Andrew J. Knudsen, Óskar Harris, Timothy D. |
author_sort |
Roberts, Matthew J. |
title |
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
title_short |
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
title_full |
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
title_fullStr |
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
title_sort |
hydrologic and geomorphic effects of temporary ice‐dammed lake formation during jökulhlaups |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.476 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.476 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.476 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-68.258,-68.258,68.496,68.496) ENVELOPE(163.500,163.500,-74.600,-74.600) ENVELOPE(-19.303,-19.303,63.557,63.557) |
geographic |
Dammed Lake Marginal Lake Sólheimajökull |
geographic_facet |
Dammed Lake Marginal Lake Sólheimajökull |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms volume 28, issue 7, page 723-737 ISSN 0197-9337 1096-9837 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.476 |
container_title |
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |
container_volume |
28 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
723 |
op_container_end_page |
737 |
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1800755112168128512 |