Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism
Abstract A number of theoretical, conceptual and numerical models exist for de‐glacial controls on volcanism, but geological evidence is scarce. We describe and explain a regional topographic and geomorphic expression of sub‐glacial volcanism, namely that at Kverkfjöll, Iceland. This area comprises...
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crwiley:10.1002/esp.1811 2024-06-02T08:08:14+00:00 Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism Carrivick, Jonathan L. Russell, Andrew J. Rushmer, E. Lucy Tweed, Fiona S. Marren, Phillip M. Deeming, Hugh Lowe, Oliver J. 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1811 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.1811 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.1811 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Earth Surface Processes and Landforms volume 34, issue 8, page 1164-1178 ISSN 0197-9337 1096-9837 journal-article 2009 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1811 2024-05-03T11:45:49Z Abstract A number of theoretical, conceptual and numerical models exist for de‐glacial controls on volcanism, but geological evidence is scarce. We describe and explain a regional topographic and geomorphic expression of sub‐glacial volcanism, namely that at Kverkfjöll, Iceland. This area comprises a series of parallel sub‐glacially‐erupted volcanic edifices, which together give excellent 3D geological exposure. These ridges are orientated north‐south or along the most probable line of LGM ice margin retreat. We combine topographic and geomorphic observations to explain the changing style of volcanism in space, and attribute this to the recession and downwasting of the LGM ice sheet. Specifically, we observe that there is no spatial pattern to pillow lava edifice heights or volumes, indicating that fissure eruptions beneath the LGM ice sheet were of similar dynamics in space. However, hyaloclastite and hyalotuff deposits are restricted to proximal and high elevation positions. Furthermore, lithofacies are split by erosional contacts and hyalotuffs are faulted and intruded. These observations together suggest that as the overlying ice sheet became thinner volcanic activity became more explosive. Volcanic activity also appears to have ‘retreated’ towards the Kverkfjöll central volcano. Glacial outburst floods or ‘jökulhlaups’ were prevalent during de‐glaciation, partly because sub‐glacial meltwater could not be impounded due to the high gradient bedrock topography. For northern Iceland, our proposed sequence of landscape development suggests two major glacial advances during the Holocene, at least one of which at Kverkfjöll probably coincided with volcanic activity and a jökulhlaup. Future work should look to establish an absolute dating control and/or chronology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Iceland Wiley Online Library Kverkfjöll ENVELOPE(-16.700,-16.700,64.650,64.650) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34 8 1164 1178 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract A number of theoretical, conceptual and numerical models exist for de‐glacial controls on volcanism, but geological evidence is scarce. We describe and explain a regional topographic and geomorphic expression of sub‐glacial volcanism, namely that at Kverkfjöll, Iceland. This area comprises a series of parallel sub‐glacially‐erupted volcanic edifices, which together give excellent 3D geological exposure. These ridges are orientated north‐south or along the most probable line of LGM ice margin retreat. We combine topographic and geomorphic observations to explain the changing style of volcanism in space, and attribute this to the recession and downwasting of the LGM ice sheet. Specifically, we observe that there is no spatial pattern to pillow lava edifice heights or volumes, indicating that fissure eruptions beneath the LGM ice sheet were of similar dynamics in space. However, hyaloclastite and hyalotuff deposits are restricted to proximal and high elevation positions. Furthermore, lithofacies are split by erosional contacts and hyalotuffs are faulted and intruded. These observations together suggest that as the overlying ice sheet became thinner volcanic activity became more explosive. Volcanic activity also appears to have ‘retreated’ towards the Kverkfjöll central volcano. Glacial outburst floods or ‘jökulhlaups’ were prevalent during de‐glaciation, partly because sub‐glacial meltwater could not be impounded due to the high gradient bedrock topography. For northern Iceland, our proposed sequence of landscape development suggests two major glacial advances during the Holocene, at least one of which at Kverkfjöll probably coincided with volcanic activity and a jökulhlaup. Future work should look to establish an absolute dating control and/or chronology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Carrivick, Jonathan L. Russell, Andrew J. Rushmer, E. Lucy Tweed, Fiona S. Marren, Phillip M. Deeming, Hugh Lowe, Oliver J. |
spellingShingle |
Carrivick, Jonathan L. Russell, Andrew J. Rushmer, E. Lucy Tweed, Fiona S. Marren, Phillip M. Deeming, Hugh Lowe, Oliver J. Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
author_facet |
Carrivick, Jonathan L. Russell, Andrew J. Rushmer, E. Lucy Tweed, Fiona S. Marren, Phillip M. Deeming, Hugh Lowe, Oliver J. |
author_sort |
Carrivick, Jonathan L. |
title |
Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
title_short |
Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
title_full |
Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
title_fullStr |
Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
title_sort |
geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1811 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fesp.1811 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/esp.1811 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.700,-16.700,64.650,64.650) |
geographic |
Kverkfjöll |
geographic_facet |
Kverkfjöll |
genre |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
op_source |
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms volume 34, issue 8, page 1164-1178 ISSN 0197-9337 1096-9837 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1811 |
container_title |
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |
container_volume |
34 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1164 |
op_container_end_page |
1178 |
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1800753424281632768 |