Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin
Abstract Climate change is leading to phenological shifts across a wide range of species globally. Polar oceans are hotspots of rapid climate change where sea ice dynamics structure ecosystems and organismal life cycles are attuned to ice seasonality. To anticipate climate change impacts on populati...
Published in: | Ecosphere |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 |
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crwiley:10.1002/ecs2.4417 2024-06-23T07:47:31+00:00 Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin Cimino, Megan A. Conroy, John A. Connors, Elizabeth Bowman, Jeff Corso, Andrew Ducklow, Hugh Fraser, William Friedlaender, Ari Kim, Heather Hyewon Larsen, Gregory D. Moffat, Carlos Nichols, Ross Pallin, Logan Patterson‐Fraser, Donna Roberts, Darren Roberts, Megan Steinberg, Deborah K. Thibodeau, Patricia Trinh, Rebecca Schofield, Oscar Stammerjohn, Sharon National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Polar Programs Virginia Sea Grant, Virginia Institute of Marine Science 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ecosphere volume 14, issue 2 ISSN 2150-8925 2150-8925 journal-article 2023 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4417 2024-05-31T08:15:58Z Abstract Climate change is leading to phenological shifts across a wide range of species globally. Polar oceans are hotspots of rapid climate change where sea ice dynamics structure ecosystems and organismal life cycles are attuned to ice seasonality. To anticipate climate change impacts on populations and ecosystem services, it is critical to understand ecosystem phenology to determine species activity patterns, optimal environmental windows for processes like reproduction, and the ramifications of ecological mismatches. Since 1991, the Palmer Antarctica Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has monitored seasonal dynamics near Palmer Station. Here, we review the species that occupy this region as year‐round residents, seasonal breeders, or periodic visitors. We show that sea ice retreat and increasing photoperiod in the spring trigger a sequence of events from mid‐November to mid‐February, including Adélie penguin clutch initiation, snow melt, calm conditions (low winds and warm air/sea temperature), phytoplankton blooms, shallow mixed layer depths, particulate organic carbon flux, peak humpback whale abundances, nutrient drawdown, and bacterial accumulation. Subsequently, from May to June, snow accumulates, zooplankton indicator species appear, and sea ice advances. The standard deviation in the timing of most events ranged from ~20 to 45 days, which was striking compared with Adélie penguin clutch initiation that varied <1 week. In general, during late sea ice retreat years, events happened later (~5 to >30 days) than mean dates and the variability in timing was low (<20%) compared with early ice retreat years. Statistical models showed the timing of some events were informative predictors (but not sole drivers) of other events. From an Adélie penguin perspective, earlier sea ice retreat and shifts in the timing of suitable conditions or prey characteristics could lead to mismatches, or asynchronies, that ultimately influence chick survival via their mass at fledging. However, more work is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Humpback Whale Sea ice Wiley Online Library Palmer Station ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) Palmer-Station ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) Ecosphere 14 2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Climate change is leading to phenological shifts across a wide range of species globally. Polar oceans are hotspots of rapid climate change where sea ice dynamics structure ecosystems and organismal life cycles are attuned to ice seasonality. To anticipate climate change impacts on populations and ecosystem services, it is critical to understand ecosystem phenology to determine species activity patterns, optimal environmental windows for processes like reproduction, and the ramifications of ecological mismatches. Since 1991, the Palmer Antarctica Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has monitored seasonal dynamics near Palmer Station. Here, we review the species that occupy this region as year‐round residents, seasonal breeders, or periodic visitors. We show that sea ice retreat and increasing photoperiod in the spring trigger a sequence of events from mid‐November to mid‐February, including Adélie penguin clutch initiation, snow melt, calm conditions (low winds and warm air/sea temperature), phytoplankton blooms, shallow mixed layer depths, particulate organic carbon flux, peak humpback whale abundances, nutrient drawdown, and bacterial accumulation. Subsequently, from May to June, snow accumulates, zooplankton indicator species appear, and sea ice advances. The standard deviation in the timing of most events ranged from ~20 to 45 days, which was striking compared with Adélie penguin clutch initiation that varied <1 week. In general, during late sea ice retreat years, events happened later (~5 to >30 days) than mean dates and the variability in timing was low (<20%) compared with early ice retreat years. Statistical models showed the timing of some events were informative predictors (but not sole drivers) of other events. From an Adélie penguin perspective, earlier sea ice retreat and shifts in the timing of suitable conditions or prey characteristics could lead to mismatches, or asynchronies, that ultimately influence chick survival via their mass at fledging. However, more work is ... |
author2 |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Polar Programs Virginia Sea Grant, Virginia Institute of Marine Science |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cimino, Megan A. Conroy, John A. Connors, Elizabeth Bowman, Jeff Corso, Andrew Ducklow, Hugh Fraser, William Friedlaender, Ari Kim, Heather Hyewon Larsen, Gregory D. Moffat, Carlos Nichols, Ross Pallin, Logan Patterson‐Fraser, Donna Roberts, Darren Roberts, Megan Steinberg, Deborah K. Thibodeau, Patricia Trinh, Rebecca Schofield, Oscar Stammerjohn, Sharon |
spellingShingle |
Cimino, Megan A. Conroy, John A. Connors, Elizabeth Bowman, Jeff Corso, Andrew Ducklow, Hugh Fraser, William Friedlaender, Ari Kim, Heather Hyewon Larsen, Gregory D. Moffat, Carlos Nichols, Ross Pallin, Logan Patterson‐Fraser, Donna Roberts, Darren Roberts, Megan Steinberg, Deborah K. Thibodeau, Patricia Trinh, Rebecca Schofield, Oscar Stammerjohn, Sharon Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
author_facet |
Cimino, Megan A. Conroy, John A. Connors, Elizabeth Bowman, Jeff Corso, Andrew Ducklow, Hugh Fraser, William Friedlaender, Ari Kim, Heather Hyewon Larsen, Gregory D. Moffat, Carlos Nichols, Ross Pallin, Logan Patterson‐Fraser, Donna Roberts, Darren Roberts, Megan Steinberg, Deborah K. Thibodeau, Patricia Trinh, Rebecca Schofield, Oscar Stammerjohn, Sharon |
author_sort |
Cimino, Megan A. |
title |
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
title_short |
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
title_full |
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
title_fullStr |
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin |
title_sort |
long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near palmer station, antarctica, from the perspective of the adélie penguin |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ecs2.4417 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.4417 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) |
geographic |
Palmer Station Palmer-Station |
geographic_facet |
Palmer Station Palmer-Station |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Humpback Whale Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Humpback Whale Sea ice |
op_source |
Ecosphere volume 14, issue 2 ISSN 2150-8925 2150-8925 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4417 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1802651639923867648 |