Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration
Abstract Quaking aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) recruitment during the 1980s–90s was suppressed by Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis ) herbivory on winter ranges in the Yellowstone region, and saplings (young aspen taller than 2 m) were rare. Following the 1995–96 reintroduction of gray wolves (...
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crwiley:10.1002/ecs2.2376 2024-09-15T18:01:17+00:00 Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration Painter, Luke E. Beschta, Robert L. Larsen, Eric J. Ripple, William J. University of Wyoming 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2376 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fecs2.2376 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.2376 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ecosphere volume 9, issue 8 ISSN 2150-8925 2150-8925 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2376 2024-08-06T04:12:30Z Abstract Quaking aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) recruitment during the 1980s–90s was suppressed by Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis ) herbivory on winter ranges in the Yellowstone region, and saplings (young aspen taller than 2 m) were rare. Following the 1995–96 reintroduction of gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), browsing decreased and sapling recruitment increased in Yellowstone National Park. We compared aspen data from inside the park to data collected in three winter ranges outside the park. For most areas, the percentage of young aspen browsed annually was 80–100% in 1997–98, decreasing to 30–60% in 2011–15. Sapling recruitment was inversely correlated with browsing intensity, and increased despite climate trends unfavorable for aspen. Browsing decreased with decreasing elk density, a relationship suggesting that densities greater than about 4 elk/km 2 resulted in consistently strong browsing effects likely to suppress aspen recruitment. Changes in elk density and distribution were influenced by predators, as well as human hunters. Most evidence for trophic cascades involving large terrestrial mammals has been from protected areas within national parks. This study provides evidence of widespread changes in plant communities resulting from large carnivore restoration, extending outside a protected national park to areas with hunting, livestock grazing, and other human activities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Ecosphere 9 8 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Quaking aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) recruitment during the 1980s–90s was suppressed by Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis ) herbivory on winter ranges in the Yellowstone region, and saplings (young aspen taller than 2 m) were rare. Following the 1995–96 reintroduction of gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), browsing decreased and sapling recruitment increased in Yellowstone National Park. We compared aspen data from inside the park to data collected in three winter ranges outside the park. For most areas, the percentage of young aspen browsed annually was 80–100% in 1997–98, decreasing to 30–60% in 2011–15. Sapling recruitment was inversely correlated with browsing intensity, and increased despite climate trends unfavorable for aspen. Browsing decreased with decreasing elk density, a relationship suggesting that densities greater than about 4 elk/km 2 resulted in consistently strong browsing effects likely to suppress aspen recruitment. Changes in elk density and distribution were influenced by predators, as well as human hunters. Most evidence for trophic cascades involving large terrestrial mammals has been from protected areas within national parks. This study provides evidence of widespread changes in plant communities resulting from large carnivore restoration, extending outside a protected national park to areas with hunting, livestock grazing, and other human activities. |
author2 |
University of Wyoming |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Painter, Luke E. Beschta, Robert L. Larsen, Eric J. Ripple, William J. |
spellingShingle |
Painter, Luke E. Beschta, Robert L. Larsen, Eric J. Ripple, William J. Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
author_facet |
Painter, Luke E. Beschta, Robert L. Larsen, Eric J. Ripple, William J. |
author_sort |
Painter, Luke E. |
title |
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
title_short |
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
title_full |
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
title_fullStr |
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
title_sort |
aspen recruitment in the yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2376 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fecs2.2376 https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.2376 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Ecosphere volume 9, issue 8 ISSN 2150-8925 2150-8925 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2376 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
8 |
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1810438457659490304 |