Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters
Abstract Complex interactions between protected populations may challenge the recovery of whole ecosystems. In California, white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias ) mistargeting southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) are an emergent impact to sea otter recovery, inhibiting the broader ecosystem...
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crwiley:10.1002/ece3.5209 2024-09-15T18:04:39+00:00 Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters Moxley, Jerry H. Nicholson, Teri E. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Jorgensen, Salvador J. David and Lucile Packard Foundation 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5209 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.5209 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5209 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.5209 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ecology and Evolution volume 9, issue 11, page 6378-6388 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5209 2024-09-05T05:03:51Z Abstract Complex interactions between protected populations may challenge the recovery of whole ecosystems. In California, white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias ) mistargeting southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) are an emergent impact to sea otter recovery, inhibiting the broader ecosystem restoration sea otters might provide. Here, we integrate and analyze tracking and stranding data to compare the phenology of interactions between white sharks and their targeted prey (elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris ) with those of mistargeted prey (sea otters, humans). Pronounced seasonal peaks in shark bites to otters and humans overlap in the late boreal summer, immediately before the annual adult white shark migration to elephant seal rookeries. From 1997 to 2017, the seasonal period when sharks bite otters expanded from 2 to 8 months of the year and occurred primarily in regions where kelp cover declined. Immature and male otters, demographics most associated with range expansion, were disproportionately impacted. While sea otters are understood to play a keystone role in kelp forests, recent ecosystem shifts are revealing unprecedented bottom‐up and top‐down interactions. Such shifts challenge ecosystem management programs that rely on static models of species interactions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Elephant Seal Elephant Seals Wiley Online Library Ecology and Evolution 9 11 6378 6388 |
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English |
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Abstract Complex interactions between protected populations may challenge the recovery of whole ecosystems. In California, white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias ) mistargeting southern sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) are an emergent impact to sea otter recovery, inhibiting the broader ecosystem restoration sea otters might provide. Here, we integrate and analyze tracking and stranding data to compare the phenology of interactions between white sharks and their targeted prey (elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris ) with those of mistargeted prey (sea otters, humans). Pronounced seasonal peaks in shark bites to otters and humans overlap in the late boreal summer, immediately before the annual adult white shark migration to elephant seal rookeries. From 1997 to 2017, the seasonal period when sharks bite otters expanded from 2 to 8 months of the year and occurred primarily in regions where kelp cover declined. Immature and male otters, demographics most associated with range expansion, were disproportionately impacted. While sea otters are understood to play a keystone role in kelp forests, recent ecosystem shifts are revealing unprecedented bottom‐up and top‐down interactions. Such shifts challenge ecosystem management programs that rely on static models of species interactions. |
author2 |
David and Lucile Packard Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moxley, Jerry H. Nicholson, Teri E. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Jorgensen, Salvador J. |
spellingShingle |
Moxley, Jerry H. Nicholson, Teri E. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Jorgensen, Salvador J. Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
author_facet |
Moxley, Jerry H. Nicholson, Teri E. Van Houtan, Kyle S. Jorgensen, Salvador J. |
author_sort |
Moxley, Jerry H. |
title |
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
title_short |
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
title_full |
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
title_fullStr |
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
title_sort |
non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5209 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.5209 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.5209 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.5209 |
genre |
Elephant Seal Elephant Seals |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seal Elephant Seals |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution volume 9, issue 11, page 6378-6388 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5209 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
6378 |
op_container_end_page |
6388 |
_version_ |
1810442259682820096 |