Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery?
Abstract Ongoing changes along the northeastern Atlantic coastline provide an opportunity to explore the influence of climate change and multitrophic interactions on the recovery of kelp. Here, vast areas of sea urchin‐dominated barren grounds have shifted back to kelp forests, in parallel with chan...
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crwiley:10.1002/ece3.4963 2024-04-21T08:02:21+00:00 Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? Christie, Hartvig Gundersen, Hege Rinde, Eli Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Pedersen, Torstein Bekkby, Trine Gitmark, Janne K. Fagerli, Camilla W. FRAM centre - Flagship fjord and coast 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4963 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4963 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4963 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ecology and Evolution volume 9, issue 5, page 2847-2862 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 Nature and Landscape Conservation Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4963 2024-03-26T09:17:04Z Abstract Ongoing changes along the northeastern Atlantic coastline provide an opportunity to explore the influence of climate change and multitrophic interactions on the recovery of kelp. Here, vast areas of sea urchin‐dominated barren grounds have shifted back to kelp forests, in parallel with changes in sea temperature and predator abundances. We have compiled data from studies covering more than 1,500‐km coastline in northern Norway. The dataset has been used to identify regional patterns in kelp recovery and sea urchin recruitment, and to relate these to abiotic and biotic factors, including structurally complex substrates functioning as refuge for sea urchins. The study area covers a latitudinal gradient of temperature and different levels of predator pressure from the edible crab ( Cancer pagurus ) and the red king crab ( Paralithodes camtschaticus ). The population development of these two sea urchin predators and a possible predator on crabs, the coastal cod ( Gadus morhua ), were analyzed. In the southernmost and warmest region, kelp forests recovery and sea urchin recruitment are mainly low, although sea urchins might also be locally abundant. Further north, sea urchin barrens still dominate, and juvenile sea urchin densities are high. In the northernmost and cold region, kelp forests are recovering, despite high recruitment and densities of sea urchins. Here, sea urchins were found only in refuge habitats, whereas kelp recovery occurred mainly on open bedrock. The ocean warming, the increase in the abundance of edible crab in the south, and the increase in invasive red king crab in the north may explain the observed changes in kelp recovery and sea urchin distribution. The expansion of both crab species coincided with a population decline in the top‐predator coastal cod. The role of key species (sea urchins, kelp, cod, and crabs) and processes involved in structuring the community are hypothesized in a conceptual model, and the knowledge behind the suggested links and interactions is explored. Article in Journal/Newspaper Gadus morhua Northern Norway Paralithodes camtschaticus Red king crab Wiley Online Library Ecology and Evolution 9 5 2847 2862 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Nature and Landscape Conservation Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Nature and Landscape Conservation Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Christie, Hartvig Gundersen, Hege Rinde, Eli Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Pedersen, Torstein Bekkby, Trine Gitmark, Janne K. Fagerli, Camilla W. Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
topic_facet |
Nature and Landscape Conservation Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Ongoing changes along the northeastern Atlantic coastline provide an opportunity to explore the influence of climate change and multitrophic interactions on the recovery of kelp. Here, vast areas of sea urchin‐dominated barren grounds have shifted back to kelp forests, in parallel with changes in sea temperature and predator abundances. We have compiled data from studies covering more than 1,500‐km coastline in northern Norway. The dataset has been used to identify regional patterns in kelp recovery and sea urchin recruitment, and to relate these to abiotic and biotic factors, including structurally complex substrates functioning as refuge for sea urchins. The study area covers a latitudinal gradient of temperature and different levels of predator pressure from the edible crab ( Cancer pagurus ) and the red king crab ( Paralithodes camtschaticus ). The population development of these two sea urchin predators and a possible predator on crabs, the coastal cod ( Gadus morhua ), were analyzed. In the southernmost and warmest region, kelp forests recovery and sea urchin recruitment are mainly low, although sea urchins might also be locally abundant. Further north, sea urchin barrens still dominate, and juvenile sea urchin densities are high. In the northernmost and cold region, kelp forests are recovering, despite high recruitment and densities of sea urchins. Here, sea urchins were found only in refuge habitats, whereas kelp recovery occurred mainly on open bedrock. The ocean warming, the increase in the abundance of edible crab in the south, and the increase in invasive red king crab in the north may explain the observed changes in kelp recovery and sea urchin distribution. The expansion of both crab species coincided with a population decline in the top‐predator coastal cod. The role of key species (sea urchins, kelp, cod, and crabs) and processes involved in structuring the community are hypothesized in a conceptual model, and the knowledge behind the suggested links and interactions is explored. |
author2 |
FRAM centre - Flagship fjord and coast |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christie, Hartvig Gundersen, Hege Rinde, Eli Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Pedersen, Torstein Bekkby, Trine Gitmark, Janne K. Fagerli, Camilla W. |
author_facet |
Christie, Hartvig Gundersen, Hege Rinde, Eli Filbee‐Dexter, Karen Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Pedersen, Torstein Bekkby, Trine Gitmark, Janne K. Fagerli, Camilla W. |
author_sort |
Christie, Hartvig |
title |
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
title_short |
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
title_full |
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
title_fullStr |
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
title_sort |
can multitrophic interactions and ocean warming influence large‐scale kelp recovery? |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4963 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4963 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4963 |
genre |
Gadus morhua Northern Norway Paralithodes camtschaticus Red king crab |
genre_facet |
Gadus morhua Northern Norway Paralithodes camtschaticus Red king crab |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution volume 9, issue 5, page 2847-2862 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4963 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
2847 |
op_container_end_page |
2862 |
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1796942539831377920 |