Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear
Abstract We combine a recently developed framework for describing dietary generalism with compositional data analysis to examine patterns of omnivory in a large widely distributed mammal. Using the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) as a model species, we collected and analyzed data from the literature to...
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crwiley:10.1002/ece3.3867 2024-09-30T14:45:38+00:00 Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear Coogan, Sean C. P. Raubenheimer, David Stenhouse, Gordon B. Coops, Nicholas C. Nielsen, Scott E. 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3867 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3867 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3867 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.3867 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ecology and Evolution volume 8, issue 4, page 2365-2376 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3867 2024-09-05T05:05:07Z Abstract We combine a recently developed framework for describing dietary generalism with compositional data analysis to examine patterns of omnivory in a large widely distributed mammal. Using the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) as a model species, we collected and analyzed data from the literature to estimate the proportions of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate, and lipid) in the diets of bear populations. Across their range, bears consumed a diversity of foods that resulted in annual population diets that varied in macronutrient proportions, suggesting a wide fundamental macronutrient niche. The variance matrix of pairwise macronutrient log‐ratios indicated that the most variable macronutrient among diets was carbohydrate, while protein and lipid were more proportional or codependent (i.e., relatively more constant log‐ratios). Populations that consumed anthropogenic foods, such agricultural crops and supplementary feed (e.g., corn), had a higher geometric mean proportion of carbohydrate, and lower proportion of protein, in annual diets. Seasonally, mean diets were lower in protein and higher in carbohydrate, during autumn compared to spring. Populations with anthropogenic subsidies, however, had higher mean proportions of carbohydrate and lower protein, across seasons compared to populations with natural diets. Proportions of macronutrients similar to those selected in experiments by captive brown bears, and which optimized primarily fat mass gain, were observed among hyperphagic prehibernation autumn diets. However, the majority of these were from populations consuming anthropogenic foods, while diets of natural populations were more variable and typically higher in protein. Some anthropogenic diets were close to the proportions selected by captive bears during summer. Our results suggest that omnivory in brown bears is a functional adaptation enabling them to occupy a diverse range of habitats and tolerate variation in the nutritional composition and availability of food resources. Furthermore, we show ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ursus arctos Wiley Online Library Ecology and Evolution 8 4 2365 2376 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract We combine a recently developed framework for describing dietary generalism with compositional data analysis to examine patterns of omnivory in a large widely distributed mammal. Using the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) as a model species, we collected and analyzed data from the literature to estimate the proportions of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate, and lipid) in the diets of bear populations. Across their range, bears consumed a diversity of foods that resulted in annual population diets that varied in macronutrient proportions, suggesting a wide fundamental macronutrient niche. The variance matrix of pairwise macronutrient log‐ratios indicated that the most variable macronutrient among diets was carbohydrate, while protein and lipid were more proportional or codependent (i.e., relatively more constant log‐ratios). Populations that consumed anthropogenic foods, such agricultural crops and supplementary feed (e.g., corn), had a higher geometric mean proportion of carbohydrate, and lower proportion of protein, in annual diets. Seasonally, mean diets were lower in protein and higher in carbohydrate, during autumn compared to spring. Populations with anthropogenic subsidies, however, had higher mean proportions of carbohydrate and lower protein, across seasons compared to populations with natural diets. Proportions of macronutrients similar to those selected in experiments by captive brown bears, and which optimized primarily fat mass gain, were observed among hyperphagic prehibernation autumn diets. However, the majority of these were from populations consuming anthropogenic foods, while diets of natural populations were more variable and typically higher in protein. Some anthropogenic diets were close to the proportions selected by captive bears during summer. Our results suggest that omnivory in brown bears is a functional adaptation enabling them to occupy a diverse range of habitats and tolerate variation in the nutritional composition and availability of food resources. Furthermore, we show ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Coogan, Sean C. P. Raubenheimer, David Stenhouse, Gordon B. Coops, Nicholas C. Nielsen, Scott E. |
spellingShingle |
Coogan, Sean C. P. Raubenheimer, David Stenhouse, Gordon B. Coops, Nicholas C. Nielsen, Scott E. Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
author_facet |
Coogan, Sean C. P. Raubenheimer, David Stenhouse, Gordon B. Coops, Nicholas C. Nielsen, Scott E. |
author_sort |
Coogan, Sean C. P. |
title |
Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
title_short |
Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
title_full |
Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
title_fullStr |
Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
title_full_unstemmed |
Functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
title_sort |
functional macronutritional generalism in a large omnivore, the brown bear |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3867 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3867 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3867 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.3867 |
genre |
Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Ursus arctos |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution volume 8, issue 4, page 2365-2376 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3867 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
2365 |
op_container_end_page |
2376 |
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1811646165723119616 |