Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris
Abstract Little is known about the foraging behavior of top predators in the deep mesopelagic ocean. Elephant seals dive to the deep biota‐poor oxygen minimum zone ( OMZ ) (>800 m depth) despite high diving costs in terms of energy and time, but how they successfully forage in the OMZ remains lar...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.3202 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 |
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crwiley:10.1002/ece3.3202 2024-09-30T14:34:24+00:00 Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris Naito, Yasuhiko Costa, Daniel P. Adachi, Taiki Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Mitani, Yoko Takahashi, Akinori Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Office of Naval Research 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.3202 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Ecology and Evolution volume 7, issue 16, page 6259-6270 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 journal-article 2017 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3202 2024-09-05T05:07:59Z Abstract Little is known about the foraging behavior of top predators in the deep mesopelagic ocean. Elephant seals dive to the deep biota‐poor oxygen minimum zone ( OMZ ) (>800 m depth) despite high diving costs in terms of energy and time, but how they successfully forage in the OMZ remains largely unknown. Assessment of their feeding rate is the key to understanding their foraging behavior, but this has been challenging. Here, we assessed the feeding rate of 14 female northern elephant seals determined by jaw motion events ( JME ) and dive cycle time to examine how feeding rates varied with dive depth, particularly in the OMZ . We also obtained video footage from seal‐mounted videos to understand their feeding in the OMZ . While the diel vertical migration pattern was apparent for most depths of the JME , some very deep dives, beyond the normal diel depth ranges, occurred episodically during daylight hours. The midmesopelagic zone was the main foraging zone for all seals. Larger seals tended to show smaller numbers of JME and lower feeding rates than smaller seals during migration, suggesting that larger seals tended to feed on larger prey to satisfy their metabolic needs. Larger seals also dived frequently to the deep OMZ , possibly because of a greater diving ability than smaller seals, suggesting their dependency on food in the deeper depth zones. Video observations showed that seals encountered the rarely reported ragfish ( Icosteus aenigmaticus ) in the depths of the OMZ , which failed to show an escape response from the seals, suggesting that low oxygen concentrations might reduce prey mobility. Less mobile prey in OMZ would enhance the efficiency of foraging in this zone, especially for large seals that can dive deeper and longer. We suggest that the OMZ plays an important role in structuring the mesopelagic ecosystem and for the survival and evolution of elephant seals. Article in Journal/Newspaper Elephant Seals Wiley Online Library Ecology and Evolution 7 16 6259 6270 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Little is known about the foraging behavior of top predators in the deep mesopelagic ocean. Elephant seals dive to the deep biota‐poor oxygen minimum zone ( OMZ ) (>800 m depth) despite high diving costs in terms of energy and time, but how they successfully forage in the OMZ remains largely unknown. Assessment of their feeding rate is the key to understanding their foraging behavior, but this has been challenging. Here, we assessed the feeding rate of 14 female northern elephant seals determined by jaw motion events ( JME ) and dive cycle time to examine how feeding rates varied with dive depth, particularly in the OMZ . We also obtained video footage from seal‐mounted videos to understand their feeding in the OMZ . While the diel vertical migration pattern was apparent for most depths of the JME , some very deep dives, beyond the normal diel depth ranges, occurred episodically during daylight hours. The midmesopelagic zone was the main foraging zone for all seals. Larger seals tended to show smaller numbers of JME and lower feeding rates than smaller seals during migration, suggesting that larger seals tended to feed on larger prey to satisfy their metabolic needs. Larger seals also dived frequently to the deep OMZ , possibly because of a greater diving ability than smaller seals, suggesting their dependency on food in the deeper depth zones. Video observations showed that seals encountered the rarely reported ragfish ( Icosteus aenigmaticus ) in the depths of the OMZ , which failed to show an escape response from the seals, suggesting that low oxygen concentrations might reduce prey mobility. Less mobile prey in OMZ would enhance the efficiency of foraging in this zone, especially for large seals that can dive deeper and longer. We suggest that the OMZ plays an important role in structuring the mesopelagic ecosystem and for the survival and evolution of elephant seals. |
author2 |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Office of Naval Research |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Naito, Yasuhiko Costa, Daniel P. Adachi, Taiki Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Mitani, Yoko Takahashi, Akinori |
spellingShingle |
Naito, Yasuhiko Costa, Daniel P. Adachi, Taiki Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Mitani, Yoko Takahashi, Akinori Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
author_facet |
Naito, Yasuhiko Costa, Daniel P. Adachi, Taiki Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Mitani, Yoko Takahashi, Akinori |
author_sort |
Naito, Yasuhiko |
title |
Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
title_short |
Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
title_full |
Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
title_fullStr |
Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oxygen minimum zone: An important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris |
title_sort |
oxygen minimum zone: an important oceanographic habitat for deep‐diving northern elephant seals, mirounga angustirostris |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.3202 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ece3.3202 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.3202 |
genre |
Elephant Seals |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seals |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution volume 7, issue 16, page 6259-6270 ISSN 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3202 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
16 |
container_start_page |
6259 |
op_container_end_page |
6270 |
_version_ |
1811638025644408832 |