Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012
Summary In this research paper, we estimated absorption loss ( L α ) and spreading loss ( L o ) based on electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation, considering multiple seawater depth (1101) points from surface to 5500 m distributed uniformly with 5‐m difference. Estimation of parameters aforementioned...
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crwiley:10.1002/dac.4117 2024-06-02T08:02:30+00:00 Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 Tahir, Muhammad Yan, Piao Jafri, Mohsin Raza Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4117 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fdac.4117 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dac.4117 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor International Journal of Communication Systems volume 32, issue 16 ISSN 1074-5351 1099-1131 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4117 2024-05-03T11:26:56Z Summary In this research paper, we estimated absorption loss ( L α ) and spreading loss ( L o ) based on electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation, considering multiple seawater depth (1101) points from surface to 5500 m distributed uniformly with 5‐m difference. Estimation of parameters aforementioned was done based on world ocean data (WOD13) from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) averaged between 1955 and 2012 along decades for basic parameters of seawater T ( C o ) and S (ppt) up to 5500‐m depth vertically and also across (41 088) latitude/longitude points for all oceans that includes Indian, Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic horizontally. We also computed another important factor that contributes in overall path loss ( L U W ), loss due to polarization of EM fields between transmitter T x and receiver R x such as antenna polarization factor ( L ϕ ). L ϕ (dB) along with L α (dB) and L o (dB) by substituting into basic propagation model for EM waves in seawater helps us to predict efficiently accurate achievable range ( R e s t ) using nonlinear least square (NLLS) approximation combined with Lambert transformation considering nonlinear exponential P T (dBm) decay. Moreover, predicted R e s t (m) helps us to minimize mean error ( m e a n ( e ( t ))) by adapting to actual range R (m) using NLLS approach. Simulation tool MATLAB has been used for implementation of NLLS approach and performance analysis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Wiley Online Library Arctic Pacific Indian International Journal of Communication Systems 32 16 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Summary In this research paper, we estimated absorption loss ( L α ) and spreading loss ( L o ) based on electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation, considering multiple seawater depth (1101) points from surface to 5500 m distributed uniformly with 5‐m difference. Estimation of parameters aforementioned was done based on world ocean data (WOD13) from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) averaged between 1955 and 2012 along decades for basic parameters of seawater T ( C o ) and S (ppt) up to 5500‐m depth vertically and also across (41 088) latitude/longitude points for all oceans that includes Indian, Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic horizontally. We also computed another important factor that contributes in overall path loss ( L U W ), loss due to polarization of EM fields between transmitter T x and receiver R x such as antenna polarization factor ( L ϕ ). L ϕ (dB) along with L α (dB) and L o (dB) by substituting into basic propagation model for EM waves in seawater helps us to predict efficiently accurate achievable range ( R e s t ) using nonlinear least square (NLLS) approximation combined with Lambert transformation considering nonlinear exponential P T (dBm) decay. Moreover, predicted R e s t (m) helps us to minimize mean error ( m e a n ( e ( t ))) by adapting to actual range R (m) using NLLS approach. Simulation tool MATLAB has been used for implementation of NLLS approach and performance analysis. |
author2 |
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tahir, Muhammad Yan, Piao Jafri, Mohsin Raza |
spellingShingle |
Tahir, Muhammad Yan, Piao Jafri, Mohsin Raza Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
author_facet |
Tahir, Muhammad Yan, Piao Jafri, Mohsin Raza |
author_sort |
Tahir, Muhammad |
title |
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
title_short |
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
title_full |
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
title_fullStr |
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
title_sort |
nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of em waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012 |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4117 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fdac.4117 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dac.4117 |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
International Journal of Communication Systems volume 32, issue 16 ISSN 1074-5351 1099-1131 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4117 |
container_title |
International Journal of Communication Systems |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
16 |
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1800746988688375808 |