Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial
Abstract magnified image Fourty‐nine species and strains of filamentous fungi of the genera Acremonium, Bionectria, Clonostachys, Emericellopsis, Hypocrea/Trichoderma, Lecythophora, Monocillium, Nectriopsis, Niesslia, Tolypocladium , and Wardomyces , deposited with the culture collection of the Cent...
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crwiley:10.1002/cbdv.200800331 2024-06-23T07:46:03+00:00 Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial Brückner, Hans Becker, Dieter Gams, Walter Degenkolb, Thomas 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fcbdv.200800331 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Chemistry & Biodiversity volume 6, issue 1, page 38-56 ISSN 1612-1872 1612-1880 journal-article 2009 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 2024-06-13T04:23:45Z Abstract magnified image Fourty‐nine species and strains of filamentous fungi of the genera Acremonium, Bionectria, Clonostachys, Emericellopsis, Hypocrea/Trichoderma, Lecythophora, Monocillium, Nectriopsis, Niesslia, Tolypocladium , and Wardomyces , deposited with the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) in Utrecht, The Netherlands, were grown on nutrient agar plates. Organic extracts of mycelia were analyzed after acidic total hydrolysis and derivatization by GC/SIM‐MS on Chirasil ‐ L ‐Val for the presence of Aib (= α ‐aminoisobutyric acid, 2‐methylalanine) and dl ‐Iva (=isovaline, 2‐ethylalanine). In 37 of the hydrolysates, Aib was detected, and in several of them D ‐Iva or mixtures of D ‐ and L ‐Iva. Non‐proteinogenic Aib, in particular, is a highly specific marker for a distinctive group of fungal polypeptides named peptaibols or, comprehensively, peptaibiotics , i.e. , pept ides containing Aib and displaying (anti)b iotic activities. The biotic synthesis of these amino acids by filamentous fungi contradicts the still widespread belief that α , α ‐dialkyl‐ α ‐amino acids do not or rarely occur in the biosphere and, if detected, are of extraterrestrial origin. The abundant production of peptaibiotics by cosmopolitan species of microfungi has also to be considered in the discussion on the occurrence of Aib and Iva in ancient and recent sediments. The detection of trace amounts of Aib in ice samples of Antarctica that are devoid of meteorites might also be related to the presence of Aib‐producing microorganisms, being either indigenous psychrophiles, or being transported and localized by mechanisms related to bioaerosols and cryoconites. The presence of microfungi being capable of producing α , α ‐dialkyl α ‐amino acids in terrestrial samples, and possible contamination of extraterrestrial materials are pointed out to be of relevance for the reliable interpretation of cosmogeochemical data. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Wiley Online Library Chemistry & Biodiversity 6 1 38 56 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
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description |
Abstract magnified image Fourty‐nine species and strains of filamentous fungi of the genera Acremonium, Bionectria, Clonostachys, Emericellopsis, Hypocrea/Trichoderma, Lecythophora, Monocillium, Nectriopsis, Niesslia, Tolypocladium , and Wardomyces , deposited with the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) in Utrecht, The Netherlands, were grown on nutrient agar plates. Organic extracts of mycelia were analyzed after acidic total hydrolysis and derivatization by GC/SIM‐MS on Chirasil ‐ L ‐Val for the presence of Aib (= α ‐aminoisobutyric acid, 2‐methylalanine) and dl ‐Iva (=isovaline, 2‐ethylalanine). In 37 of the hydrolysates, Aib was detected, and in several of them D ‐Iva or mixtures of D ‐ and L ‐Iva. Non‐proteinogenic Aib, in particular, is a highly specific marker for a distinctive group of fungal polypeptides named peptaibols or, comprehensively, peptaibiotics , i.e. , pept ides containing Aib and displaying (anti)b iotic activities. The biotic synthesis of these amino acids by filamentous fungi contradicts the still widespread belief that α , α ‐dialkyl‐ α ‐amino acids do not or rarely occur in the biosphere and, if detected, are of extraterrestrial origin. The abundant production of peptaibiotics by cosmopolitan species of microfungi has also to be considered in the discussion on the occurrence of Aib and Iva in ancient and recent sediments. The detection of trace amounts of Aib in ice samples of Antarctica that are devoid of meteorites might also be related to the presence of Aib‐producing microorganisms, being either indigenous psychrophiles, or being transported and localized by mechanisms related to bioaerosols and cryoconites. The presence of microfungi being capable of producing α , α ‐dialkyl α ‐amino acids in terrestrial samples, and possible contamination of extraterrestrial materials are pointed out to be of relevance for the reliable interpretation of cosmogeochemical data. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Brückner, Hans Becker, Dieter Gams, Walter Degenkolb, Thomas |
spellingShingle |
Brückner, Hans Becker, Dieter Gams, Walter Degenkolb, Thomas Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
author_facet |
Brückner, Hans Becker, Dieter Gams, Walter Degenkolb, Thomas |
author_sort |
Brückner, Hans |
title |
Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
title_short |
Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
title_full |
Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
title_fullStr |
Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aib and Iva in the Biosphere: Neither Rare nor Necessarily Extraterrestrial |
title_sort |
aib and iva in the biosphere: neither rare nor necessarily extraterrestrial |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fcbdv.200800331 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Chemistry & Biodiversity volume 6, issue 1, page 38-56 ISSN 1612-1872 1612-1880 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200800331 |
container_title |
Chemistry & Biodiversity |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
38 |
op_container_end_page |
56 |
_version_ |
1802643702992076800 |