Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance
Abstract The modern domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) provides an excellent model to examine the effects of cranial modification. Extreme variation in skull length among dog breeds due to high levels of selective breeding is known to be linked to disorders of the head and neck. Such alteration...
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crwiley:10.1002/ar.24423 2024-06-02T08:05:03+00:00 Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance Smith, Christopher M. Laitman, Jeffrey T. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Center of Anatomy and Functional Morphology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai The Anatomical Record The Graduate Center, City University of New York 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24423 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Far.24423 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24423 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ar.24423 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor The Anatomical Record volume 304, issue 1, page 116-126 ISSN 1932-8486 1932-8494 journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24423 2024-05-03T10:56:29Z Abstract The modern domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) provides an excellent model to examine the effects of cranial modification. Extreme variation in skull length among dog breeds due to high levels of selective breeding is known to be linked to disorders of the head and neck. Such alteration may also influence sensory organs including those of the vestibular system (VS), one of the most fundamental sense organs, essential in maintaining balance. Studies in mammals have shown that orientation of ipsilateral semicircular canals (SCCs) of the VS at right angles (orthogonality) is related to angular acceleration sensitivity. Due to their considerable variation in craniofacial form while exhibiting similar locomotion, domestic dogs provide an excellent natural experiment to examine if cranial alteration influences VS functional morphology. Our methods examine how change in cranial base length across dog breeds relates to SCC orthogonality using linear modeling and analyses of variance. The sample studied (29 bony labyrinths of 17 dog breeds) was obtained from a previous study on canid inner ear metrics. Results support the hypothesis that orthogonality between the anterior and posterior SCC + ampulla significantly correlates with cranial base length. This suggests a close relationship between the orientations of SCCs with their ampullae and cranial structure among dog breeds. Specifically, highly derived breeds, such as the brachycephalic pug, have anterior and posterior SCCs and ampullae that deviate the most from orthogonality. Therefore, such highly bred domestic dogs may also have altered vestibular function due to compressed cranial form. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library The Anatomical Record 304 1 116 126 |
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English |
description |
Abstract The modern domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) provides an excellent model to examine the effects of cranial modification. Extreme variation in skull length among dog breeds due to high levels of selective breeding is known to be linked to disorders of the head and neck. Such alteration may also influence sensory organs including those of the vestibular system (VS), one of the most fundamental sense organs, essential in maintaining balance. Studies in mammals have shown that orientation of ipsilateral semicircular canals (SCCs) of the VS at right angles (orthogonality) is related to angular acceleration sensitivity. Due to their considerable variation in craniofacial form while exhibiting similar locomotion, domestic dogs provide an excellent natural experiment to examine if cranial alteration influences VS functional morphology. Our methods examine how change in cranial base length across dog breeds relates to SCC orthogonality using linear modeling and analyses of variance. The sample studied (29 bony labyrinths of 17 dog breeds) was obtained from a previous study on canid inner ear metrics. Results support the hypothesis that orthogonality between the anterior and posterior SCC + ampulla significantly correlates with cranial base length. This suggests a close relationship between the orientations of SCCs with their ampullae and cranial structure among dog breeds. Specifically, highly derived breeds, such as the brachycephalic pug, have anterior and posterior SCCs and ampullae that deviate the most from orthogonality. Therefore, such highly bred domestic dogs may also have altered vestibular function due to compressed cranial form. |
author2 |
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Center of Anatomy and Functional Morphology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai The Anatomical Record The Graduate Center, City University of New York |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith, Christopher M. Laitman, Jeffrey T. |
spellingShingle |
Smith, Christopher M. Laitman, Jeffrey T. Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
author_facet |
Smith, Christopher M. Laitman, Jeffrey T. |
author_sort |
Smith, Christopher M. |
title |
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
title_short |
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
title_full |
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
title_fullStr |
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
title_sort |
alterations to vestibular morphology in highly bred domestic dogs may affect balance |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24423 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Far.24423 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24423 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ar.24423 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
The Anatomical Record volume 304, issue 1, page 116-126 ISSN 1932-8486 1932-8494 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24423 |
container_title |
The Anatomical Record |
container_volume |
304 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
116 |
op_container_end_page |
126 |
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1800749803719622656 |