“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>)
Abstract In short snouted (brachycephalic) dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ), several genetic mutations cause postnatal growth inhibition of the viscerocranium. Thus, for example, the pug keeps a snub nose like that observed in neonate dogs in general. However, little is known how far intranasal struc...
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crwiley:10.1002/ar.24422 2024-03-17T08:57:18+00:00 “ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) Wagner, Franziska Ruf, Irina Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde, e. V. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24422 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Far.24422 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24422 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ar.24422 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The Anatomical Record volume 304, issue 1, page 154-189 ISSN 1932-8486 1932-8494 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Histology Biotechnology Anatomy journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24422 2024-02-22T00:27:51Z Abstract In short snouted (brachycephalic) dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ), several genetic mutations cause postnatal growth inhibition of the viscerocranium. Thus, for example, the pug keeps a snub nose like that observed in neonate dogs in general. However, little is known how far intranasal structures like the turbinal skeleton are also affected. In the present study, we provide the first detailed morphological and morphometric analyses on the turbinal skeleton of pug, Japanese chin, pekingese, King Charles spaniel, and Cavalier. In order to elucidate how a shortened snout affects turbinal shape, size, and density, our sample covers different degrees of brachycephaly. Macerated skulls of 1 juvenile and 17 adult individuals were investigated by μCT and virtual 3D reconstructions. In addition, histological serial sections of two prenatal and one neonate whippet were taken into account. All investigated postnatal stages show three frontoturbinals and three ethmoturbinals similar to longer snouted breeds, whereas the number of interturbinals is reduced. The shape of the entire turbinal skeleton simplifies with decreasing snout length, that is, within a minimized nasal cavity the turbinals decrease proportionally in surface area and surface density due to a looser arrangement. We interpret these apparent reductions as a result of spatial constraint which affects postnatal appositional bone growth and the position of the turbinals inside the nasal cavity. The turbinal skeleton of brachycephalic dogs arrests at an early ontogenetic stage, corresponding with previous studies on the dermal bones. Hence, we assume an association between the growth of intranasal structures and facial elongation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Cavalier ENVELOPE(-69.462,-69.462,-67.825,-67.825) The Anatomical Record 304 1 154 189 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Histology Biotechnology Anatomy |
spellingShingle |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Histology Biotechnology Anatomy Wagner, Franziska Ruf, Irina “ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
topic_facet |
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Histology Biotechnology Anatomy |
description |
Abstract In short snouted (brachycephalic) dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ), several genetic mutations cause postnatal growth inhibition of the viscerocranium. Thus, for example, the pug keeps a snub nose like that observed in neonate dogs in general. However, little is known how far intranasal structures like the turbinal skeleton are also affected. In the present study, we provide the first detailed morphological and morphometric analyses on the turbinal skeleton of pug, Japanese chin, pekingese, King Charles spaniel, and Cavalier. In order to elucidate how a shortened snout affects turbinal shape, size, and density, our sample covers different degrees of brachycephaly. Macerated skulls of 1 juvenile and 17 adult individuals were investigated by μCT and virtual 3D reconstructions. In addition, histological serial sections of two prenatal and one neonate whippet were taken into account. All investigated postnatal stages show three frontoturbinals and three ethmoturbinals similar to longer snouted breeds, whereas the number of interturbinals is reduced. The shape of the entire turbinal skeleton simplifies with decreasing snout length, that is, within a minimized nasal cavity the turbinals decrease proportionally in surface area and surface density due to a looser arrangement. We interpret these apparent reductions as a result of spatial constraint which affects postnatal appositional bone growth and the position of the turbinals inside the nasal cavity. The turbinal skeleton of brachycephalic dogs arrests at an early ontogenetic stage, corresponding with previous studies on the dermal bones. Hence, we assume an association between the growth of intranasal structures and facial elongation. |
author2 |
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde, e. V. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wagner, Franziska Ruf, Irina |
author_facet |
Wagner, Franziska Ruf, Irina |
author_sort |
Wagner, Franziska |
title |
“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
title_short |
“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
title_full |
“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
title_fullStr |
“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
title_full_unstemmed |
“ Forever young ”—Postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> Canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
title_sort |
“ forever young ”—postnatal growth inhibition of the turbinal skeleton in brachycephalic dog breeds (<scp> canis lupus familiaris </scp>) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24422 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Far.24422 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24422 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ar.24422 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-69.462,-69.462,-67.825,-67.825) |
geographic |
Cavalier |
geographic_facet |
Cavalier |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
The Anatomical Record volume 304, issue 1, page 154-189 ISSN 1932-8486 1932-8494 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24422 |
container_title |
The Anatomical Record |
container_volume |
304 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
154 |
op_container_end_page |
189 |
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1793766427258257408 |