Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland
Abstract Objectives Our aim was to understand sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland. The pandemic's impact on different age groups has been the focus of other research, but sex‐based differences in mortality are rarely consi...
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crwiley:10.1002/ajhb.23198 2024-06-02T08:10:42+00:00 Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland Paskoff, Taylor Sattenspiel, Lisa Government of Canada-Canada Studies Faculty Research Grant Program MU Research Council University of Missouri Research Board 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23198 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fajhb.23198 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajhb.23198 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ajhb.23198 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor American Journal of Human Biology volume 31, issue 1 ISSN 1042-0533 1520-6300 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23198 2024-05-03T11:42:41Z Abstract Objectives Our aim was to understand sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland. The pandemic's impact on different age groups has been the focus of other research, but sex‐based differences in mortality are rarely considered. Aspects of social organization, labor patterns, and social behaviors that contribute to mortality between males and females at all ages are used to explain observed mortality patterns. Methods Recorded pneumonia and influenza deaths on the island ( n = 1871) were used to calculate cause‐specific death rates and to evaluate differences in sex‐based mortality. Mortality levels in 17 districts and four regions (Avalon, North, South, and West) were compared using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). A logistic regression model was fit to determine in which regions sex‐based mortality could be predicted using age and region as interactive predictors. Results Differences in sex‐based mortality varied across regions; they were not significant for the aggregate population. SMRs were also variable, with no significant sex‐based differences. Sex‐based differences were highly variable within regions. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that females in the South region may have experienced a higher probability of death than other island residents. Conclusions Mortality analysis for aggregate populations homogenizes important epidemiologic patterns. Men and women did not experience the 1918 influenza pandemic in the same way, and by analyzing data at the regional and district geographic levels, patterns emerge that can be explained by the economies and social organization of the people who lived there. Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland Wiley Online Library American Journal of Human Biology 31 1 |
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Abstract Objectives Our aim was to understand sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland. The pandemic's impact on different age groups has been the focus of other research, but sex‐based differences in mortality are rarely considered. Aspects of social organization, labor patterns, and social behaviors that contribute to mortality between males and females at all ages are used to explain observed mortality patterns. Methods Recorded pneumonia and influenza deaths on the island ( n = 1871) were used to calculate cause‐specific death rates and to evaluate differences in sex‐based mortality. Mortality levels in 17 districts and four regions (Avalon, North, South, and West) were compared using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). A logistic regression model was fit to determine in which regions sex‐based mortality could be predicted using age and region as interactive predictors. Results Differences in sex‐based mortality varied across regions; they were not significant for the aggregate population. SMRs were also variable, with no significant sex‐based differences. Sex‐based differences were highly variable within regions. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that females in the South region may have experienced a higher probability of death than other island residents. Conclusions Mortality analysis for aggregate populations homogenizes important epidemiologic patterns. Men and women did not experience the 1918 influenza pandemic in the same way, and by analyzing data at the regional and district geographic levels, patterns emerge that can be explained by the economies and social organization of the people who lived there. |
author2 |
Government of Canada-Canada Studies Faculty Research Grant Program MU Research Council University of Missouri Research Board |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Paskoff, Taylor Sattenspiel, Lisa |
spellingShingle |
Paskoff, Taylor Sattenspiel, Lisa Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
author_facet |
Paskoff, Taylor Sattenspiel, Lisa |
author_sort |
Paskoff, Taylor |
title |
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
title_short |
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
title_full |
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
title_fullStr |
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland |
title_sort |
sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of newfoundland |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23198 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fajhb.23198 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajhb.23198 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ajhb.23198 |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
American Journal of Human Biology volume 31, issue 1 ISSN 1042-0533 1520-6300 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23198 |
container_title |
American Journal of Human Biology |
container_volume |
31 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1800756608211353600 |