Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean
Abstract During the Sea State cruise in the fall of 2015, in the Chukchi/Beaufort Sea region, there were five strong (>10 m s −1 ) surface wind events associated with low‐level atmospheric jets. These jets were analyzed using rawinsonde observations, ship measurements, and a numerical forecast mo...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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crwiley:10.1002/2018jc013778 2024-09-15T17:54:04+00:00 Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean Guest, Peter Persson, P. Ola G. Wang, Shouping Jordan, Mary Jin, Yi Blomquist, Byron Fairall, Christopher Office of Naval Research Global 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2018jc013778 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2018JC013778 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/2018JC013778 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2018JC013778 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans volume 123, issue 6, page 4074-4091 ISSN 2169-9275 2169-9291 journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/2018jc013778 2024-08-09T04:31:31Z Abstract During the Sea State cruise in the fall of 2015, in the Chukchi/Beaufort Sea region, there were five strong (>10 m s −1 ) surface wind events associated with low‐level atmospheric jets. These jets were analyzed using rawinsonde observations, ship measurements, and a numerical forecast model. The jets occurred when easterly winds aligned with the ice edge, generating low‐level baroclinicity in a direction favorable for increasing the geostrophic wind speed toward the surface. The maximum wind speed usually occurred at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer with wind speeds greater than 8 m s −1 extending through the capping inversion to 2,000–3,000 m elevation, with winds decreasing toward the surface in the boundary layer due to friction. The width (crosswind) dimensions of the jets were 250–400 km and they existed downwind for as long as the winds remained generally parallel to the ice edges, typically several hundred kilometers. Thermal winds calculated from crosswind‐oriented rawinsonde temperature profiles matched the observed vertical wind speed gradients in the inversion regions, indicating that the jets were in quasi‐geostrophic (inversion layer) or quasi‐frictional (boundary layer) balance, with low Rossby numbers. We define these as “baroclinic” type jets, which are distinct from “ice/sea breeze” type jets which flow more down the pressure and density gradients, and have high Rossby numbers. The operational model analyses matched the observations quite well, giving confidence that these types of jets can be simulated and predicted as long as the models have sufficient resolution and accurately parameterize vertical heat fluxes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea Chukchi Wiley Online Library Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 6 4074 4091 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract During the Sea State cruise in the fall of 2015, in the Chukchi/Beaufort Sea region, there were five strong (>10 m s −1 ) surface wind events associated with low‐level atmospheric jets. These jets were analyzed using rawinsonde observations, ship measurements, and a numerical forecast model. The jets occurred when easterly winds aligned with the ice edge, generating low‐level baroclinicity in a direction favorable for increasing the geostrophic wind speed toward the surface. The maximum wind speed usually occurred at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer with wind speeds greater than 8 m s −1 extending through the capping inversion to 2,000–3,000 m elevation, with winds decreasing toward the surface in the boundary layer due to friction. The width (crosswind) dimensions of the jets were 250–400 km and they existed downwind for as long as the winds remained generally parallel to the ice edges, typically several hundred kilometers. Thermal winds calculated from crosswind‐oriented rawinsonde temperature profiles matched the observed vertical wind speed gradients in the inversion regions, indicating that the jets were in quasi‐geostrophic (inversion layer) or quasi‐frictional (boundary layer) balance, with low Rossby numbers. We define these as “baroclinic” type jets, which are distinct from “ice/sea breeze” type jets which flow more down the pressure and density gradients, and have high Rossby numbers. The operational model analyses matched the observations quite well, giving confidence that these types of jets can be simulated and predicted as long as the models have sufficient resolution and accurately parameterize vertical heat fluxes. |
author2 |
Office of Naval Research Global |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Guest, Peter Persson, P. Ola G. Wang, Shouping Jordan, Mary Jin, Yi Blomquist, Byron Fairall, Christopher |
spellingShingle |
Guest, Peter Persson, P. Ola G. Wang, Shouping Jordan, Mary Jin, Yi Blomquist, Byron Fairall, Christopher Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
author_facet |
Guest, Peter Persson, P. Ola G. Wang, Shouping Jordan, Mary Jin, Yi Blomquist, Byron Fairall, Christopher |
author_sort |
Guest, Peter |
title |
Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low‐Level Baroclinic Jets Over the New Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
low‐level baroclinic jets over the new arctic ocean |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2018jc013778 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2018JC013778 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/2018JC013778 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2018JC013778 |
genre |
Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea Chukchi |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea Chukchi |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans volume 123, issue 6, page 4074-4091 ISSN 2169-9275 2169-9291 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2018jc013778 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
123 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
4074 |
op_container_end_page |
4091 |
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1810430255829090304 |