Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia
Abstract Intensive forest management has been applied in most Fennoscandian forests for a period of almost one felling rotation. This paradigm has produced even-aged and even-structured forests of different successional stages that cover about 90% of forest land. At the same time, wildfires have bee...
Published in: | Ecological Processes |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1/fulltext.html |
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crspringernat:10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 2023-05-15T16:11:55+02:00 Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia Koivula, Matti Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Ecological Processes volume 9, issue 1 ISSN 2192-1709 Ecological Modeling Ecology journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 2022-01-04T11:46:07Z Abstract Intensive forest management has been applied in most Fennoscandian forests for a period of almost one felling rotation. This paradigm has produced even-aged and even-structured forests of different successional stages that cover about 90% of forest land. At the same time, wildfires have been nearly eliminated in most of the Fennoscandian nature. Consequently, hundreds of species are red-listed because of forest management. To support these species, forest management requires improvements. Variable retention forestry and habitat restoration have been suggested to mitigate negative effects of forest management on biodiversity, and these have been practiced to some extent during the past few decades. Here, we review experimental results on the effects of variable retention and two restoration measures (prescribed burning and artificial addition of coarse woody debris) on different species groups in Fennoscandia. Our key findings are as follows: (i) Many species respond positively to felling within a few years, apparently due to released and often ephemeral resources, such as fresh residue and stumps. Species associated with shady conditions are negatively impacted, but any retention supports many of these, and their species composition remains almost unaffected with 50–70% retention of the initial tree volume. (ii) These effects remain detectable for at least 10–30 years or, according to some studies, nearly 100 years, e.g., in polypore fungi. (iii) Initial effects of prescribed burning on most species groups (apart from pyrophiles) are negative, but within 10–15 years post-fire sites begin to support many rare and threatened deadwood-dependent species. Epiphytic lichens, however, remain negatively affected. (iv) Artificial addition of deadwood (mostly high stumps) supports a wide spectrum of deadwood-dependent species, but the species composition differs from that of naturally died trees. (v) Moisture and micro-habitat variation are crucial for forest species at harvested sites, at least in forests dominated by Norway spruce. We conclude that felling method as such is of little importance for threatened forest species, although retention mitigates many negative effects. These species require microclimatic continuity, and maintenance and active increase of legacies, such as deadwood of different qualities (species, downed/standing, snag/log/stump, decay stage), very old trees, and tree species mixtures. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fennoscandia Fennoscandian Springer Nature (via Crossref) Deadwood ENVELOPE(-117.453,-117.453,56.733,56.733) Norway Snag ENVELOPE(-140.371,-140.371,62.399,62.399) Stump ENVELOPE(-153.167,-153.167,-86.183,-86.183) Ecological Processes 9 1 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecological Modeling Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Ecological Modeling Ecology Koivula, Matti Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
topic_facet |
Ecological Modeling Ecology |
description |
Abstract Intensive forest management has been applied in most Fennoscandian forests for a period of almost one felling rotation. This paradigm has produced even-aged and even-structured forests of different successional stages that cover about 90% of forest land. At the same time, wildfires have been nearly eliminated in most of the Fennoscandian nature. Consequently, hundreds of species are red-listed because of forest management. To support these species, forest management requires improvements. Variable retention forestry and habitat restoration have been suggested to mitigate negative effects of forest management on biodiversity, and these have been practiced to some extent during the past few decades. Here, we review experimental results on the effects of variable retention and two restoration measures (prescribed burning and artificial addition of coarse woody debris) on different species groups in Fennoscandia. Our key findings are as follows: (i) Many species respond positively to felling within a few years, apparently due to released and often ephemeral resources, such as fresh residue and stumps. Species associated with shady conditions are negatively impacted, but any retention supports many of these, and their species composition remains almost unaffected with 50–70% retention of the initial tree volume. (ii) These effects remain detectable for at least 10–30 years or, according to some studies, nearly 100 years, e.g., in polypore fungi. (iii) Initial effects of prescribed burning on most species groups (apart from pyrophiles) are negative, but within 10–15 years post-fire sites begin to support many rare and threatened deadwood-dependent species. Epiphytic lichens, however, remain negatively affected. (iv) Artificial addition of deadwood (mostly high stumps) supports a wide spectrum of deadwood-dependent species, but the species composition differs from that of naturally died trees. (v) Moisture and micro-habitat variation are crucial for forest species at harvested sites, at least in forests dominated by Norway spruce. We conclude that felling method as such is of little importance for threatened forest species, although retention mitigates many negative effects. These species require microclimatic continuity, and maintenance and active increase of legacies, such as deadwood of different qualities (species, downed/standing, snag/log/stump, decay stage), very old trees, and tree species mixtures. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Koivula, Matti Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka |
author_facet |
Koivula, Matti Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka |
author_sort |
Koivula, Matti |
title |
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
title_short |
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
title_full |
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
title_fullStr |
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia |
title_sort |
experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in fennoscandia |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1/fulltext.html |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-117.453,-117.453,56.733,56.733) ENVELOPE(-140.371,-140.371,62.399,62.399) ENVELOPE(-153.167,-153.167,-86.183,-86.183) |
geographic |
Deadwood Norway Snag Stump |
geographic_facet |
Deadwood Norway Snag Stump |
genre |
Fennoscandia Fennoscandian |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandia Fennoscandian |
op_source |
Ecological Processes volume 9, issue 1 ISSN 2192-1709 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0209-1 |
container_title |
Ecological Processes |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1765997122692317184 |