First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Abstract Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) infection is a common denominator in many cases of complex gill disease in the Norwegian salmon farming industry and may, as a single agent infection, result in salmon poxvirus disease (SGPVD). Experiences from the field suggest that stress may be a decisive fact...
Published in: | Veterinary Research |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9/fulltext.html |
id |
crspringernat:10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crspringernat:10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 2023-05-15T15:31:42+02:00 First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) Thoen, Even Tartor, Haitham Amundsen, Marit Dale, Ole Bendik Sveinsson, Karoline Rønning, Hans Petter Grønneberg, Estelle Dahle, Maria Krudtå Gjessing, Mona Cecilie Norges Forskningsråd 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Veterinary Research volume 51, issue 1 ISSN 1297-9716 General Veterinary journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 2022-01-04T15:18:51Z Abstract Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) infection is a common denominator in many cases of complex gill disease in the Norwegian salmon farming industry and may, as a single agent infection, result in salmon poxvirus disease (SGPVD). Experiences from the field suggest that stress may be a decisive factor for the induction of SGPVD. Here we investigated the effect of stress hormone treatment on SGPV kinetics and disease development. In our experiment, Atlantic salmon were divided into four groups. Two groups of fish received an intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone dissolved in a fatty vehicle, whereas fish in the other two groups received a sham injection of the vehicle. After 24 h, one group with hydrocortisone injection and one with sham injection were exposed to dead SGPV-infected fish. Plasma cortisol level, virus kinetics, virus localization, and pathological gill were monitored for 4 weeks post-exposure. Hydrocortisone injected fish displayed higher plasma cortisol and SGPV loads than non-hydrocortisone treated fish. Signs of SGPVD and ensuing mortality appeared only in fish exposed to the virus and injected with hydrocortisone around 2 weeks post-exposure. No clinical signs of disease or mortality were recorded in the other groups. Further, gill histopathology in diseased fish correlated well with SGPV load, with the infection apparently confined to gill epithelial cells. The current findings suggest elevated plasma cortisol being a prerequisite for the development of SGPVD and recommend minimization of stressful farming activities, particularly if SGPV infection has been previously identified. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Springer Nature (via Crossref) Veterinary Research 51 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
General Veterinary |
spellingShingle |
General Veterinary Thoen, Even Tartor, Haitham Amundsen, Marit Dale, Ole Bendik Sveinsson, Karoline Rønning, Hans Petter Grønneberg, Estelle Dahle, Maria Krudtå Gjessing, Mona Cecilie First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
topic_facet |
General Veterinary |
description |
Abstract Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) infection is a common denominator in many cases of complex gill disease in the Norwegian salmon farming industry and may, as a single agent infection, result in salmon poxvirus disease (SGPVD). Experiences from the field suggest that stress may be a decisive factor for the induction of SGPVD. Here we investigated the effect of stress hormone treatment on SGPV kinetics and disease development. In our experiment, Atlantic salmon were divided into four groups. Two groups of fish received an intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone dissolved in a fatty vehicle, whereas fish in the other two groups received a sham injection of the vehicle. After 24 h, one group with hydrocortisone injection and one with sham injection were exposed to dead SGPV-infected fish. Plasma cortisol level, virus kinetics, virus localization, and pathological gill were monitored for 4 weeks post-exposure. Hydrocortisone injected fish displayed higher plasma cortisol and SGPV loads than non-hydrocortisone treated fish. Signs of SGPVD and ensuing mortality appeared only in fish exposed to the virus and injected with hydrocortisone around 2 weeks post-exposure. No clinical signs of disease or mortality were recorded in the other groups. Further, gill histopathology in diseased fish correlated well with SGPV load, with the infection apparently confined to gill epithelial cells. The current findings suggest elevated plasma cortisol being a prerequisite for the development of SGPVD and recommend minimization of stressful farming activities, particularly if SGPV infection has been previously identified. |
author2 |
Norges Forskningsråd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thoen, Even Tartor, Haitham Amundsen, Marit Dale, Ole Bendik Sveinsson, Karoline Rønning, Hans Petter Grønneberg, Estelle Dahle, Maria Krudtå Gjessing, Mona Cecilie |
author_facet |
Thoen, Even Tartor, Haitham Amundsen, Marit Dale, Ole Bendik Sveinsson, Karoline Rønning, Hans Petter Grønneberg, Estelle Dahle, Maria Krudtå Gjessing, Mona Cecilie |
author_sort |
Thoen, Even |
title |
First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_short |
First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full |
First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_fullStr |
First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
First record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (SGPVD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
title_sort |
first record of experimentally induced salmon gill poxvirus disease (sgpvd) in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9/fulltext.html |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Veterinary Research volume 51, issue 1 ISSN 1297-9716 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00787-9 |
container_title |
Veterinary Research |
container_volume |
51 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766362221047185408 |