Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia
Abstract Sami reindeer herders have considerable traditional knowledge about a neurological reindeer disease resembling elaphostrongylosis, but the causative agent was not identified prior to the description of the brainworm Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in Russia in 1958. Elaphostrongylosis was quickl...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4/fulltext.html |
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crspringernat:10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 2023-05-15T15:02:22+02:00 Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia Davidson, Rebecca K. Mørk, Torill Holmgren, Karin E. Oksanen, Antti Norges Forskningsråd 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 62, issue 1 ISSN 1751-0147 General Veterinary General Medicine journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 2022-01-14T15:41:30Z Abstract Sami reindeer herders have considerable traditional knowledge about a neurological reindeer disease resembling elaphostrongylosis, but the causative agent was not identified prior to the description of the brainworm Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in Russia in 1958. Elaphostrongylosis was quickly recognised as a serious cause of reindeer morbidity and mortality. The ecology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease were studied in Sweden and Norway during the 1960s and in particular the 1970s to 1990s. In Finland, elaphostrongylosis was not recognised as an important disease for Finnish reindeer husbandry, even though the presence of brainworm infection has been documented. Brainworm has an indirect lifecycle with snail and slug intermediate hosts. The free-living L1 larvae have extremely good freeze tolerance and can survive > 360 days at − 80 °C in water (solid ice). Even though reindeer brainworm is clearly well adapted to the Arctic chill, the lifecycle stages outside the reindeer final host are sped up at warmer environmental temperatures. Arctic summer temperatures are close to the developmental threshold of the parasite in the intermediate gastropod hosts (8–10 °C), and the parasite has typically had a 2-year life cycle. Disease outbreaks generally occur during the winter following the infection of reindeer with infected snails and slugs during the summer and autumn. Warmer summers result in faster development of brainworm larvae in the intermediate hosts. Clinical symptoms have been seen reported as early as August, such as in the outbreak in Trøndelag, Norway in 2018. The reindeer brainworm is also a cause of conflict between reindeer herders and small ruminant farmers, because it can cause severe disease in goats and sheep, which share pasture with reindeer. Many knowledge gaps remain if we wish to successfully predict and mitigate for large-scale outbreaks in a future with a predicted warmer, wetter and wilder climate. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus reindeer husbandry sami Springer Nature (via Crossref) Arctic Norway Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 62 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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crspringernat |
language |
English |
topic |
General Veterinary General Medicine |
spellingShingle |
General Veterinary General Medicine Davidson, Rebecca K. Mørk, Torill Holmgren, Karin E. Oksanen, Antti Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
topic_facet |
General Veterinary General Medicine |
description |
Abstract Sami reindeer herders have considerable traditional knowledge about a neurological reindeer disease resembling elaphostrongylosis, but the causative agent was not identified prior to the description of the brainworm Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in Russia in 1958. Elaphostrongylosis was quickly recognised as a serious cause of reindeer morbidity and mortality. The ecology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease were studied in Sweden and Norway during the 1960s and in particular the 1970s to 1990s. In Finland, elaphostrongylosis was not recognised as an important disease for Finnish reindeer husbandry, even though the presence of brainworm infection has been documented. Brainworm has an indirect lifecycle with snail and slug intermediate hosts. The free-living L1 larvae have extremely good freeze tolerance and can survive > 360 days at − 80 °C in water (solid ice). Even though reindeer brainworm is clearly well adapted to the Arctic chill, the lifecycle stages outside the reindeer final host are sped up at warmer environmental temperatures. Arctic summer temperatures are close to the developmental threshold of the parasite in the intermediate gastropod hosts (8–10 °C), and the parasite has typically had a 2-year life cycle. Disease outbreaks generally occur during the winter following the infection of reindeer with infected snails and slugs during the summer and autumn. Warmer summers result in faster development of brainworm larvae in the intermediate hosts. Clinical symptoms have been seen reported as early as August, such as in the outbreak in Trøndelag, Norway in 2018. The reindeer brainworm is also a cause of conflict between reindeer herders and small ruminant farmers, because it can cause severe disease in goats and sheep, which share pasture with reindeer. Many knowledge gaps remain if we wish to successfully predict and mitigate for large-scale outbreaks in a future with a predicted warmer, wetter and wilder climate. |
author2 |
Norges Forskningsråd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Davidson, Rebecca K. Mørk, Torill Holmgren, Karin E. Oksanen, Antti |
author_facet |
Davidson, Rebecca K. Mørk, Torill Holmgren, Karin E. Oksanen, Antti |
author_sort |
Davidson, Rebecca K. |
title |
Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
title_short |
Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
title_full |
Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
title_fullStr |
Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infection with brainworm (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ssp.) in Fennoscandia |
title_sort |
infection with brainworm (elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in reindeer (rangifer tarandus ssp.) in fennoscandia |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4/fulltext.html |
geographic |
Arctic Norway |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway |
genre |
Arctic Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus reindeer husbandry sami |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus reindeer husbandry sami |
op_source |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 62, issue 1 ISSN 1751-0147 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00524-4 |
container_title |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
container_volume |
62 |
container_issue |
1 |
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