Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden
Abstract Background Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its as...
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crspringernat:10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 2023-05-15T17:45:08+02:00 Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden Santosa, Ailiana Zhang, Yue Weinehall, Lars Zhao, Genming Wang, Na Zhao, Qi Wang, Weibing Ng, Nawi Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd Shanghai Municipal Education Commission 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4/fulltext.html en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY BMC Public Health volume 20, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2458 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health journal-article 2020 crspringernat https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 2022-01-04T07:31:20Z Abstract Background Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden. Methods We used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Västerbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden ( n = 25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n = 25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis. Conclusions This study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Sweden Springer Nature (via Crossref) BMC Public Health 20 1 |
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Springer Nature (via Crossref) |
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language |
English |
topic |
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Santosa, Ailiana Zhang, Yue Weinehall, Lars Zhao, Genming Wang, Na Zhao, Qi Wang, Weibing Ng, Nawi Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
topic_facet |
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
description |
Abstract Background Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden. Methods We used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Västerbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden ( n = 25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n = 25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis. Conclusions This study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators. |
author2 |
Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd Shanghai Municipal Education Commission |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Santosa, Ailiana Zhang, Yue Weinehall, Lars Zhao, Genming Wang, Na Zhao, Qi Wang, Weibing Ng, Nawi |
author_facet |
Santosa, Ailiana Zhang, Yue Weinehall, Lars Zhao, Genming Wang, Na Zhao, Qi Wang, Weibing Ng, Nawi |
author_sort |
Santosa, Ailiana |
title |
Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
title_short |
Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
title_full |
Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden |
title_sort |
gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in china and sweden |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4/fulltext.html |
genre |
Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden |
op_source |
BMC Public Health volume 20, issue 1 ISSN 1471-2458 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 |
container_title |
BMC Public Health |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766147916314968064 |